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1. DEENBANDHU CHOTTU RAM UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN HOUSE PROJECT COMPRESSED AIR ENGINE TEAM MEMBERS Aryan Kashyap (21001004018) Kajal Kadian (21001004029) Karan Kakkkar (21001004030) Prikshit Dahiya (21001004049) Dr. MS Narwal (Project Supervisor) Dr. MN Mishra (Project Coordinator) 1

2. INDEX INTRODUCTION NEED/NECESSITY/MOTIVATION FOR SELECTION OF PROJECT OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT WORK COMPONENTS USED SELECTION OF COMPONENTS WORKING WORKING VIDEO APPLICATION FUTURE SCOPE CONCLUSION 2

3. 1) INTRODUCTION 3 1. Compressed air engine is a type of engine that uses compressed air as its energy source. 2. It operates by converting the energy stored in compressed air into mechanical work. 3. This concept can be applied in various transportation and industrial applications. 4. Compressed air engines are known for being environmentally friendly. 5. They produce no combustion byproducts , which is abundant and renewable . 6. Compressed air engine reduces the cost of vehicle production.

4. 4 Now-a-days, automobiles consume a large number of fossil fuels. However, the consumption of fossil fuels has brought many serious environmental problems A compressed air engine is a type of motor which does mechanical work by expanding compressed air. A Compressed-air engine is a pneumatic actuator that creates useful work by expanding compressed air. A compressed-air vehicle is powered by an air engine, using compressed air, which is stored in a tank. Instead of mixing fuel with air and burning it in the engine to drive pistons with hot expanding gases, compressed air vehicles use the expansion of compressed air to drive their pistons.

5. 2) NEED/NECESSITY/MOTIVATION FOR SELECTION OF PROJECT Compressed air engines (CAEs) are a type of engine that use compressed air to drive pistons , thereby generating mechanical work. The need for and interest in compressed air engines stem from several factors: Environmental Concerns: CAEs produce no direct emissions during operation, making them an attractive option for reducing pollution and greenhouse gases, especially in urban areas . Renewable Energy Integration: Compressed air can be stored and used in conjunction with renewable energy sources, such as wind or solar power, to create a more sustainable energy system. Operational Benefits: Simplicity and Safety: CAEs are mechanically simpler and safer than internal combustion engines, as they do not involve combustion or high temperatures. Lower Maintenance: With fewer moving parts and no need for fuel combustion, CAEs generally require less maintenance and have a longer operational life. 5

6. 6 Economic Factors : Cost-Effectiveness : Depending on the source of the compressed air and the scale of deployment, CAEs can be a cost-effective solution, particularly in applications where conventional energy storage or generation systems are not viable. Decentralized Power: CAEs can be used in off-grid or remote areas, providing a decentralized power source without relying on extensive infrastructure . Applications: Transport: There is potential for CAEs in various transport sectors, including urban vehicles, where zero-emission and noise reduction are critical. Industry: CAEs are used in industrial applications where compressed air is already a common utility, such as in pneumatic tools and machinery. Overall, compressed air engines offer a promising alternative to traditional internal combustion engines and batteries, especially in contexts where environmental impact, safety, and operational simplicity are paramount.

7. 3) OBJECTIVES OF PROJECT WORK Environmental Sustainability: Zero Emissions : Develop engines that produce no direct emissions during operation to reduce air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Reduce Fossil Fuel Dependence : Minimize reliance on fossil fuels by providing an alternative energy source that can be integrated with renewable energy systems. Energy Efficiency and Storage : Efficient Energy Storage : Create systems that efficiently store and release energy, addressing intermittency issues of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power Cost-Effectiveness : Reduce Operational Costs: Lower the operational and maintenance costs compared to traditional internal combustion engines due to simpler mechanical designs and fewer moving parts. Affordable Energy Solutions : Offer a cost-effective energy solution, particularly for applications in remote or off-grid areas where conventional energy infrastructure is lacking. Enhance Reliability : Design engines with long operational lifespans and reduced maintenance needs to ensure reliable performance over time. By focusing on these objectives, the development of air compressor engines can contribute significantly to a more sustainable, efficient, and versatile energy landscape. 7

8. COMPONENTS USED Pneumatic Actuator Wheel Pneumatic Pipes Single Solenoid Valve Bearing Rack Connecting Rod Supporting Frame Joints & Fixtures Electronic Circuit 8

9. SELECTION OF COMPONENTS Pneumatic Actuator : A pneumatic actuator converts energy in the form of compressed air into motion. A pneumatic actuator can move something in a linear motion or a rotary motion. Linear pneumatic actuators include the spring/diaphragm style and the piston style. 9

10. 10 Wheel : The motor converts air power to mechanical power, which is transferred to the wheels and is used to operate the vehicle. In this way, compressed air acts not as an energy source like gasoline but as an energy storage medium similar to an electric battery. Pneumatic Pipes : Pneumatic Pipes can handle high operating pressure because the FRP also stops oxygen and other gases from entering the pipe. For the provision of compressed air, gas, and oxygen, K.P.T. Pneumatic pipes are a trustworthy and safe option. Single Solenoid Valve : Solenoid valves are often used to manage the intake control or the inlet valve in screw compressors. Available as either de-energised opening or de-energised closing version These types of valves deliver higher energy efficiency, gentle start-up and a lower pressure fluctuation range.

11. 11 Bearing : Bearings have a very important job – enabling the rotation of your wheels. They make sure your wheels run smoothly with minimal friction. They also maintain correct wheel tracking and can even play a role in providing your vehicle's drive systems with wheel speed sensor signals. Rack : The compressed air is under high pressure thus it exerts a force on piston due to which the piston moves. This linear movement of piston is converted into rotary motion by help of rack and pinion (sprocket) like arrangement. Connecting Rod : The connecting rod is required to transmit the compressive and tensile forces from the piston. In its most common form, in an internal combustion engine It allows pivoting on the piston end and rotation on the shaft end.

12. WORKING BASIC PRINCIPLE : On compression, the work done by the pump gets stored as pressure energy. This compressed air is then stored in cylinders/tanks for later use. When this air is allowed to expand, the pressure energy of air gets converted to kinetic energy and causes propulsion. The same principle is used for engines. Air compressors work by forcing atmospheric air under pressure to create potential energy that can be stored in a tank for later use. Just like an open balloon, the pressure builds up when the compressed air is deliberately released, converting the potential energy into usable kinetic energy. A pneumatic motor (air motor), or compressed-air engine, is a type of motor which does mechanical work by expanding compressed air. Pneumatic motors generally convert the compressed-air energy to mechanical work through either linear or rotary motion. 12

13. APPLICATIONS In industrial applications, it is used in two ways: as energy and as part of a process. These are referred to as Energy Air and Active Air respectively. First of all, Energy Air is used for storing and transmitting energy in order to do mechanical work. Applications of compressed air include: Aerospace, Automotive, Chemical Manufacturing, Electronics, Food and Beverage, General Manufacturing, Glass Manufacturing, Hospitals/Medical, Mining, Pharmaceuticals, Plastics, Power Generation, Wood Products and many more. In the industrial manufacturing process, air compressors are used to provide high-pressure gas to drive machinery and equipment, such as pneumatic motors, pneumatic pistons, pneumatic valves, etc. They can also be used to operate pneumatic valves in hydraulic systems. Air compressors are devices powered by either an electric motor or a diesel engine. Their role is to deliver compressed air. The compressed air is then used to power a wide range of tools, equipment, and machines across various industries. Energy Air is used for storing and transmitting energy in order to do mechanical work. More specifically, air compressors power pneumatic production equipment, operate lathe chucks, pressure-clean parts, and convey or cool components during production. 13

14. FUTURE SCOPE 1. Sustainable Transportation Urban Transport : are particularly suitable for short-distance urban transport vehicles, such as city cars, scooters, and bicycles. Delivery Vehicles : Light delivery vehicles, which operate within cities, could use CAEs to cut down on urban emissions and noise pollution. 2. Renewable Energy Integration Energy Storage : Compressed air can be used for energy storage in renewable energy systems. Wind and solar power can be stored as compressed air during peak production and then used to drive engines when energy demand is high. 3 . Agriculture Farm Machinery : Tractors and other agricultural machinery can be powered by compressed air, providing a cleaner alternative to diesel engines. Irrigation Systems : Compressed air can drive pumps for irrigation, enhancing sustainability in water management. 14

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17. 17 CONCLUSION Compressed air engines represent a promising technology with the potential to contribute significantly to sustainable energy and transportation solutions. They offer a range of benefits, including zero emissions, reduced noise pollution, and the ability to integrate with renewable energy. However, challenges such as improving efficiency, developing infrastructure, and overcoming initial cost barriers remain. Advances in technology and efficiency, combined with supportive government policies and increased public awareness, are likely to drive the adoption and development of CAEs. In conclusion, compressed air engines hold substantial potential AND more sustainable energy and transportation systems.

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