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1. G raphene -B ased S urface P atch E lectrode U sing I nkjet P rinting to M easure ECG S ignal and T emperature Ayman Ahmed Alghamdi 220000134 Hussain Ali Ansiran 2200004054 Jawad Aljamaan 2180002127 Mohammad Basim Aldahneem 2180005862 Advisor: Dr. Mahbubunnabi Tamal

2. AGENDA 2

3. Introduction In recent years, there has been a steady rise in articles focused on researching and manufacturing conductive inks for printing technologies. This trend signifies a dynamic growth in the advancement of printed electronics. Based on the projection, the market size will increase to approximately $73 billion by 2027, up from approximately $14 billion in 2017, representing an annual growth rate of approximately 13.6%. 3

4. WHAT IS ECG? ECG (electrocardiograph) is a non-invasive medical test used to measure the electrical activity of the heart. It provides information about the heart's signal, rate, and rhythm. The ECG signal is obtained by measuring the electrical activity generated by each heartbeat. 4

5. IMPORTANCE OF ECG SIGNAL ECG helps identify underlying cardiac-related pathologies in patients with symptoms like vertigo, dyspnea, or angina. It accurately records the heart's electrical activity, enabling assessment of heart rate and rhythm. ECG can detect anomalies such as bradycardia, tachycardia, arrhythmias, and irregularities in electrical activity. 5

6. CONCEPT DESIGN 6

7. CLINICAL NEED 7

8. LIMITATIONS OF CONVENTIONAL ECG ELECTRODES 8

9. GRAPHENE BASED ELECTRODES 9

10. DESIGN STANDARDS 10

11. GRAPHENE Graphite has a hexagonal honey-like chemical structure composed of numerous layers each layer is referred to as graphene. Graphene can conduct electricity due to the free electrons. 11

12. GRAPHENE DERIVATIVES 12 Graphene Oxide Gained by oxidizing graphene it has more functional groups (flexible, less conductive, affordable). R educed G raphene Reduce the GO structure by removing functional groups (stronger, conductive, less flexible).

13. PROPERTIES AND SYNTHESIS OF GRAPHENE 13

14. SUBSTRATE 14

15. PRINTING TECHNOLOGY Printing technology plays a pivotal role in facilitating the advancement of lean development. Numerous printing processes have been developed to cater to the demands of flexible, stretchable, and wearable electronic applications such as: Screen printing Inkjet printing 15

16. Screen Printing 16

17. Inkjet printing Continuous inkjet (CIJ) printing Drop-on-demand (DOD) printing 17

18. Comparison of I nkjet AND Screen printing Feature Inkjet printing Screen printing Resolution (DPI) 300 - 1200 100 - 300 Material waste 5 - 10% 15 - 30% 18

19. MATERIAL SELECTION AND COST ANALYSIS 19 Graphene paste 1600SR Graphene oxide 1600SR Pdms 900SR Inkjet printer 200 - 500SR

20. Pattern Design Focus on optimizing surface area and ensuring durability against tensile stresses. Square spirals chosen as the most advantageous pattern. 20 Design Pattern Reasons why we haven't used this pattern Fully Square Unlike the square spirals the interconnected spiral structure distributes stretching forces evenly, and minimizes edge effects lines Have larger edge effects and potential for interference between adjacent lines Dot Low surface area, low mechanical resilience Circles Less surface area than square spirals, less mechanically resilient than square spirals

21. Design methodology 21

22. Prototype Design & Results What is the purpose of our prototype? How can we balance between the following parameters? Conductivity Surface area F lexibility (Tensile and compression )   22

23. Prototype Design & Results 23

24. Prototype Design & Results 24 Resistivity test Mechanical Test

25. Prototype Design & Results Surface Area Sample one with 0.1mL of vinyl retarder Sample two with 0.2mL of vinyl retarder Sample three with 0.3mL of vinyl retarder 11.5 cm 2 25k  27k  30k  14.5 cm 2 22k  25k  26.7k  15.9 cm 2 18k  20.3k  21.1k  20.1 cm 2 10.94k  13.2k  15k  25

26. DESIGN CONSTRAINS 26

27. Second semester plan 27

28. THANK YOU