projective personality test.psychological testingpptx

Psychological testing

1. PROJECTIVE PERSONALITY TESTS PRESENTED BY: JESABELL FE P. CAMODAG

2. HISTORY Francis Galton (1879) -trials of word association for measuring intelligence Kraepelin (1892) - association method for studying effects of fatigues, hunger etc

3. Carl Jung -first to formulate a standardized word association Hermann Rorschach (1921) -published Psychodiagnotik

4. DEFINITION Words Images Situations

5. Designed to let a person… respond to ambiguous stimuli reveal hidden emotions internal conflicts

6. also called as indirect interview test

7. TYPES Rorschach inkblot Hermann Rorschach (1884 - 1922).

8. consists of 10 cards having prints of inkblot 5 black and white. 2 black, white, and red. 3 multicolor.

9. Administration What might this be?

10. Scoring Categories Location: Part of inkblot utilized: Entire blot, large or small section, minute detail, white space. Determinants: Qualities of the inkblot: Form, color, shading, movement. Popularity of response Frequency of response. Content: Human figures, animal figures, blood etc. Form: How accurately examinee’s perception matches the corresponding part of the inkblot.

11. Interpretation… Generate hypotheses based on patterns of response, recurrent themes and interrelationships among scoring categories: -Whole responses - conceptual thought processes. -Form - reality testing -Human movement - imagination. -Color - emotional reactivity.

12. RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY Lack scoring reliability Can only be used effectively with severely maladjusted individuals

13. b. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) Morgan and Murray (1935). Elicit fantasy material 31 cards: -30 black & white with scenes: Describe story. -1 blank: Imagine picture on card and tell related story.

14. Administration A set of 20 cards is recommended, but the number may vary based on length of stories.

15. Interpretation… Murray’s concepts: - Need - arising from within the individual -Press - behavior arising from within the environment -Thema - interaction between need and press.

16. Reliability: - Split-half, test-retest, and alternate-form reliability measures are not appropriate. Inter-rater reliability is acceptable .

17. Situational factors: - Examiner. -Events just prior to administration. -Delivery of instructions. -Transient internal needs states. -Stimulus pull. -Desire to fake good or bad.

18. Validity: Conflicting opinions

19. c. House-Tree- P erson test (John Buck 1948) designed to measure aspects of a person’s personality.   can be used to assess brain damage and general mental functioning.

20. Interpretation… House >size -small house represents renunciation of family life >walls -weak lines: fragility -strong lines: need to fortify boundaries

21. >roof -more detail: concentrates on fantasies -incomplete roof: evading formidable ideas >inclusion of windows, doors and sidewalks -openness to interaction >inclusion of bushes , shades and shutters -hesitation to open himself

22. As with other subjectively scored personality tests, there is little support for its reliability and validity.

23. d. Children Apperception Test (CAT)- Bellak 1949 -for acquiring information about children’s personality and psychological processes

24. Administration 20-45 minutes Question asked: What went in the story before and what will happen later?

25. Scoring… No numerical score or scale for the test

26. RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY Lack of standardized method and norms for interpretation

27. e. Holtzman inkblot test for persons’ ages five and up.  tool in assessing: -schizophrenia - depression - addiction - character disorders. stack of 47 cards with inkblots. Takes 50-80 minutes.

28. The results that are given should only be read and interpreted by a licensed professional psychologist/ psychiatrist.

29. APPLICATION and TECHNIQUES IN PROJECTIVE TESTS

30. ASSOCIATION TECHNIQUE requires the client to respond at the presentation of stimulus (word) with the first thing that comes to mind.

31. COMPLETION TECHNIQUES supply the subject with stimulus that is incomplete and the subject is required to complete it There two types: Sentence completion Story completion

32. Story completion test: The researcher contrives stories instead of sentences and asks the informants to complete them.

33. CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE produce or construct something at direction, usually a story or a picture.

34. EXPRESSIVE TECHNIQUE draw, role play, act or paint a particular situation or concept

35. ORDERING CHOICE most frequently used in quantitative researchers. explain why specific things are ‘most’ or ‘least’ important or to order, rank or categorize some factors related to topics under research

36. STRENGHTS OF PROJECTIVE PERSONALITY TEST

37. Helpful when the issues to be addressed are personal, sensitive, or subject to strong social norms.  Helpful when underlying motivations, beliefs, and attitudes are operating at a subconscious level. Projective test can be used in marketing:  Projective test useful in business:

38. The amount, richness and accuracy of the information collected is reliable to an extent. give a view of the total functioning of individual

39. In qualitative research project, projective techniques may be employed as the basis of ‘breaking the ice’ in a focus group.

40. Rendering new energy in a group discussion and to enlighten the tone or mood of proceedings, subjects enjoy projective test Wide range of ideas are encouraged and there is no right or wrong answer

41. WEAKNESSES OF PROJECTIVE PERSONALITY TEST

42. It need highly qualified and experienced professionals  It is expensive Risk of interpretation bias Unstructured techniques Low psychometrics characteristics

43. CONCLUSION put relatively low strain on participants. using a variety of test as opposed to direct questioning boosts engagement and increase participant enjoyment. When used correctly, they are useful tools that can uncover true motivations behind behaviours and subconscious attitudes.

44. BIBLIOGRAPHY Kothari CR, Garg G. Methods of data collection. Research Methodology: methods and techniques. New age international publishers. 3 rd edition. Pg.no : 104-07. Sharma SK. Tools and methods of data collection. Nursing research and statistics. Elsevier publishers. 2 nd edition. Pg.no : 279-82