projectpresentation-170113084752 (1).pptx

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1. SANA'A UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Study of the development and evaluation of performance of solar water desalination system Supervised by: Dr. Riam Nagi Bin Break Group : 1- Mohammed Amer Abdo Ali 2- Ahmed Abdullah Saeed Al-Sharabi 3- Abdulraqib Abdulmajid Qaid Naji 4- Labeeb Mansour Ahmed Abdullah

2. Objective

3. 1-Desalination and purification of salt water and sea water using solar energy 2- The use and exploitation of the solar energy source to be an ideal choice for the energy source 3- Design and construction of a mini plant for the desalination and purification of brackish water and sea water 4-Design and construction of a mini plant for the desalination and purification of brackish water and sea water 5- Exploiting and using the excess heat generated from the solar collector to produce a solar water heater 6- Producing and generating electricity in the near future through several options, including the use of steam turbines 7-The possibility of using it in the process of the home cook to cook and cook food DISTILLATION

4. The Team

5. Mohammed amer Abdulraqib Abdulmajid Ahmed al- sharabi Labeeb mansour

6. Repairing

7. Main Frame strengthened with welded Base Mirrors replaced by Reflective Aluminum Sheets Improved Aesthetics by Painting and Design Changes

8. the introduction T he introduction

9. An Introduction to Solar-Powered Wate r Desalination: Solar-powered water desalination is the process of using solar energy to convert saline or contaminated water into fresh, potable water suitable for drinking, agricultural, or industrial use It is considered a sustainable and environmentally-friendly method of meeting the increasing demand for fresh water in water-scarce regions. The process of solar-powered water desalination involves harnessing solar radiation to generate either electrical or thermal energy, which is then utilized in the desalination process. There are two main types of solar-powered water desalination:

10. Solar thermal water desalination: This process involves utilizing solar radiation to heat the saline or contaminated water and convert it into water vapor. The vapor is then condensed and collected to obtain pure, fresh water. This type of desalination requires a solar energy collection system and an integrated desalination unit. Solar photovoltaic water desalination: This process relies on using solar radiation to generate electricity, which can be used to power water desalination systems. The generated electricity is utilized to operate pumps or purification systems, removing salts and impurities from the saline water.

11. Solar-powered water desalination offers several benefits. It is a renewable energy source as sunlight is readily available. Furthermore, it reduces dependence on traditional energy sources, decreases greenhouse gas emissions, and minimizes environmental pollution. Additionally, it helps meet the growing demand for fresh water in regions facing water scarcity. Despite its advantages, solar-powered water desalination requires advanced technology and significant investments for efficient implementation. Nonetheless, it remains an important option for meeting future water needs and contributing to addressing the global water crisis.

12. Solar water desalination is a sustainable solution to secure clean water in Yemen Yemen is one of the most Arab countries facing a suffocating water crisis and one of the most fragile countries in terms of pure and healthy water. Also, obtaining clean, healthy and safe drinking water is a matter of great importance for both urban and urbanresidents, both cities and rural areas

13. And we all know what they suffer from in the countryside in order to obtain pure water by moving long distances, as well as the city dwellers who suffer from the high prices of water that is purified in stations that operate using different energy sources such as fuel and others. Based on these problems, we must work to solve these problems, as we are graduates of the department Mechanical Engineering, Sana'a University, making a model of a desalination plant that works with renewable energy solar.

14. Methods of water treatment using solar energy Water sterilization by solar energy: Solar energy can be used to sterilize water by exposing it to the natural ultraviolet rays emitted by the sun. Water sterilization is ensured by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation through the use of A transparent vessel or system for flowing water in the sun.

15. Desalination using solar energy: Solar energy can be used to desalinate fresh water. Solar desalination systems are used to directly convert salty or polluted water into potable water by heating the water using solar energy. And evaporate it, and then condense the steam to get pure water. Solar desalination systems are sustainable and applicable in remote areas that lack the infrastructure to provide clean water.

16. Introducing the project and a model for the desalination plant

17. The main parts that make up the mini desalination plant : 1. The power source (solar reflector ) 2. The receiver (boiler) 3. Measuring devices and valves 4. Pipes 5. Condenser 6. feeding tank

18. The power source (solar reflector )

19. The receiver (boiler)

20. Measuring devices and valves

21. Pipes

22. Condenser

23. feeding tank

24. The power source We made a general study on the sources of solar energy, and through the studies, the focus was on energy Concentrated solar panels due to the high amount of heat it produces and its high efficiency, which works to focus the reflected rays at a line or point.

25. Type of concentrated solar energy 1- point focusing 2- line focusing 3- solar tower

26. LINE FOCUSING It produces an average temperature of less than 400 C

27. POINT FOCUSE It produces an average temperature greater than 400 C solar tower Solar parabolic dish collector

28. SOLAR PARABOLIC DISH COLLECTOR

29. SOLAR PARABOLIC DISH COLLECTOR Specifications : Diameter 1.5 liters Made of aluminium Covered with a reflective surface or a mirror that reflects the incident rays and collects them at the focal point The weight of the solar collector is 21 kg Panel thickness: 4.0 mm Focal length: 600 mm Concentration temperature: 700-1000 degrees Celsius Maximum output power: 180 0W Reflective material: magnesium oxide

30. THE SOLAR COLLECTOR : The solar collector can be used for home cooking and cooking without or electricity. This solar collector collects and reflects solar radiation and concentrates it at the focal point, as the concentrated and projected temperature at the focal point ranges between 700-1000 degrees Celsius. This solar collector generates a very high temperature, as the temperature it generates is 5 times the temperature of the home oven The solar collector is easy to clean, as it needs soapy water and a towel to dry the water from it

31. Obtaining clean energy from it, as it can be used in many fields, including Distillation of salt water and sea water, as well as heating the water and the possibility of using it in the home cooker. Finally, we will use it to produce electricity through steam turbines or through certain technologies. The solar collector can boil and evaporate 1 kg of water and it takes a period of time between 6-7 minutes

32. We were not satisfied with the theoretical aspect only, but we also conducted the solar collector test, and a degree testThe heat it produces and the amount of heat it produces. It is equal to 7 times the temperature produced by domestic gas ovens in terms of heating and the temperature it produces. • As shown in the video

33. The boiler

34. We used three types of different sizes and different materials in order to obtain the highest efficiency and highest productivity: A boiler with a height of 35 cm and a diameter of 22 cm, made of aluminum As it was efficient in conducting heat and boiling water less, and it takes a long period of time for water to boil, due to the height and its relatively large size, which leads to a loss in temperature due to external influences such as wind and others.

35. 2. A boiler of a smaller size, also made of aluminum, its dimensions were 30 cm in height and 15 cm in diameter, and we got the same previous results

36. 3- A Small boiler Made of copper, its dimensions are 22 cm in diameter and 8 cm in height, as the evaporation efficiency was high Due to the small size of the boiler and the high conductivity of copper. Then, we painted the boiler black and insulated the upper part and its edges with tin in order to obtain a large production quantity and to maintain the temperature from loss. We made two openings on it, the first is an entrance for water, and the other is an outlet for steam

37. Plumbing tools

38. Plumbing tools We used three types of pipes: • Pipes made of heat-resistant plasticWhere we found during the experiment that it does not withstand the temperature of the steam that passes through it.. • Ruby pipes used in heat-resistant solar heatersThe results of its use were that it is characterized by high temperature toleranceOne of its drawbacks is that the flow of steam passing through it is small compared to iron pipes • Pipes made of galvanized iron, which works to resist rust and corrosion

39. The condenser

40. It is a small tank with the following dimensions : 22 cm in diameter and 35 cm in height Inside it is a coil of copper that works to pass the steam coming from the boiler in it, which passes from the condenser that works to withdraw the heat of the steam and convert it from the gaseous state to the liquid state (distilled water). The condenser

41. The measuring devices used in the experiment

42. 1- T emperature gauge and is attached to the boiler : An electronic sensor that measures the temperature and displays the numbers on the screen provided in it 2- The solenoid valve : It is an electric valve used to pass or stop a gas or liquid. The valve is controlled by an electric current that operates the coil that generates a magnetic field to open or lock the passage of the liquid or gas

43. 3- Vacuum pump : The pressure regulator works to draw the pressure inside the boiler, and when the pressure in the boiler increases, it works to reduce the pressure in it, and thus it reduces the risks of increasing the pressure in the boiler, which avoids the explosion of the boiler when the pressure increases to the permissible limit. I t also has another use, as it works like a vacuum pump, which will be explained in the improvements section.

44. Water feed tank

45. It is a tank made of plastic, the dimensions are as follows 50 cm in height and 30 cm in diameter, which serves to supply cold water to the condenser during a shortage in the condenserThat is, it supplies the entire system with cold water Water feed tank

46. Experiments section

47. Experiment 1 We fed the boiler water directly from the feed tank and the temperature spot was set . We noticed that the boiling of the water started after an estimated period of time between 6-7 minutes. After that, we passed the steam through the iron pipes to the condenser, so that we condensed the steam and turned it into distilled water . In the second process, we refilled the boiler with cold water from the feed tank . we noticed that the temperature of the boiler decreased until it reached a temperature of 40 degrees Celsius.As the cold water entering the kettle makes the boiler take longer to boil the water and then evaporate

48. We noticed that in this experiment, when the steam coming from the boiler passed through the copper pipe placed in the condenser, the water placed in the condenser for the purpose of cooling began to boil as a result of the high heat that the water absorbed from the steam. A note on experiment 1

49. Conclusions and improvements to experiment 1

50. Modifications

51. MODIFICATIONS Solar Energy as a Power Source Frame & Tracker Connection Dish inclined at 27° Steel Container for Faster Heating Mic r op r oces s or Controlled

52. Component Specs

53. 1 50 cm Diameter 48T Chainring 18T Cogset 23 N-cm Torque 60 RPM Stepper Motor 12V 7.5A Main Battery 12V 1A Battery Arduino Uno 21V 18 W Panel

54. W orking

55. Sun l ig h t Sun l ig h t Charging Power to Mo t or Power to MP R egul a t e Power Desired Movement

56. Important Data

57. Average Annual Daytime Sunlight*^ 730 mins/day 360 mins/day Average Annual Peak Daytime Sunlight*^ 530 Average Annual Usable Daytime Sunlight*^ mi n s / d a y 27 ° Inclination as Latitude of Jaipur*` *Data of Jaipur Only ^Data from Weather Channel Inc. Ltd. 27°N `Data from Google

58. Work Allocation

59. Sr.No. Name Qty. Price 1 Aluminium Sheet 1 500 2 Gear 2 200 3 Bearing 2 200 4 Solar Panel 1 1500 5 Motor 1 800 6 Battery 1 800 7 Sprocket Chain 1 150 8 Relay Circuit 1 1000 9 Others - 500 Total 5650 ₹

60. Gantt Chart

61. Ad v a n t a g es

62. Uses Solar Energy Uses Renewable Energy Low Cost Easy to Operate Less Maintenance Environment Friendly

63. Applications

64. I n d u s tries Laboratories Homes Hospitals Workshops

65. Conclusions

66. Usability Increased by 47% More Efficient than the Previous Product 32% Overall Efficiency Increased by 23%

67. References

68. Myweather 2, <h t tp://www.myweather2.com/City- Town/India/Jaipur/climate-profile.aspx> latlong.net, <h t tp://www.latlong.net/place/jaipur-rajasthan- india-5130.html> Weather Spark beta, <https://weatherspark.com/ averages/33936/Jaipur-Rajasthan-India> The Weather Channel, < http://www.weather.com/>

69. Questions?

70. Thank You!