Propagation by vegetative structures

To know about vegetative structures

1. PROPAGATION THROUGH VEGETATIVE STRUCTURES

2. VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION Vegetative propagation is a form of asexual reproduction of a plant. The new plant is genetically identical to the parent . Vegetative propagation is the process of multiplication in which a portion of fragment of the plant body functions as propagates and develops into a new individual.

3. Types of propagation by vegetative structures Propagation by roots Propagation by stem Propagation by leaves These structures are called as vegetative propagates or propagules.

4. 1.PROPAGATION BY ROOTS:- The roots of some plants develop adventitious buds on them e.g., Dalbergia sissoo (Shisham), Guava, poplars, Albizzia lebbek, Murraya, etc. Some tuberous adventitious roots besides possessing adventitious buds also contain sufficient quantities of, food, e.g., Dahlia and Sweet potato

5. Contd.

6. 2. PROPAGATION BY STEM Bulb(tunicated,non-tunicated) Tuber Corm Rhizome Runner Sucker Slips

7. (a)BULB:- It is a specialised underground storage organ produced by monocots. It consists of shoot and fleshy vertical stem axis which bears growing point at its apex. Examples:- (a)By tunicated bulb:-onion,garlic,daffodil,tulip etc. (b)By non tunicated bulb-lily.

8. Difference between tunicated and non-tunicated bulb TUNICATED BULB NON-TUNICATED BULB Form concentric rings around growth point. Have protected tunic layer of dried ring layers. Not easily damaged during digging. 1.Do not form concentric rings around growth point. 2.Not protected by tunic layer of dried ring layers. 3. Damaged during digging.

9. Contd. ONION BULB GARLIC BULB DAFFODIL BULB TULIP BULB

10. Along with bulb, small underground bulbs are produced which are known as bulblets . The bulblets when grow to full size are termed as offset .Examples-Agave,Aloe,Sansevieria,Sedum etc.

11. The bulblets which are produced in the aerial portion of stem are termrd as bulbils. Examples- Lily,Agave etc. AGAVE LILY

12. (b)TUBER:- A tuber is a specialised swlloen underground stem which posseses eyes in regular oder over the surface.The eyes represents the nodes of the tuber.Examples:- potato,jerusalem artichoke,dioscorea,irish potato etc.

13. contd. POTATO TUBER JERUSALEM ARTICHOKE TUBER DIOSCOREA TUBER IRISH POTATO TUBER

14. (c)CORM:- It is a swollen solid specialised underground structure which posses distinct nodes and internodes. It remains enclosed by the dry scalelike leaves.Examples - Gladiolus,Crocus etc. GLADIOLUS CORM CROCUS CORM

15. (d)RHIZOME:- It is specialised stem structure which grows horizontally at or just below the ground surface.It bears nodes and internodes.Examples- banana,blueberry,iris etc. BANANA RHIZOME BLUEBERRY RHIZOME IRIS RHIZOME

16. ( e)RUNNER:- Runners are horizontal stems growing from the parent plant, but they grow above ground. When their terminal buds touch the ground they take root and produce new plants.Examples- strawberry .

17. ( f)SLIPS :- Slips are the tiny plantlets that grow at the base of the fruit on the fruit stalk. Example-Pineapple SLIPS

18. (g)SUCKERS:- Sucker is a term for a basal shoot that grows from the base of a tree or shrub.Example - pineapple,banana,pear etc. Pineapple sucker

19. 3.PROPAGATION BY LEAVES:- Some plants produce adventitious buds on their leaves. These buds usually remain dormant , when the leaf is attached with plant. However, the leaves when in contact with moist soil develop new plantlets along the margin.Examples- Bryophyllum,Begonia,Kalanch e etc.

20. Contd. BRYOPHYLLUM BEGONIA KALANCHOE

21. ADVANTAGES OF PROPAGATION THROUGH VEGETATIVE STRUCTURES The offsprings are genetically identical and therefore advantageous traits can be preserved. Only one parent is required which eliminates the need for special mechanisms such as pollination, etc. It is faster. Many plants are able to tide over unfavourable conditions . This is because of the presence of organs of asexual reproduction like the tubers, corm, bulbs, etc. Vegetative propagation is especially beneficial to the agriculturists and horticulturists. They can raise crops like bananas, sugarcane, potato, etc that do not produce viable seeds. The seedless varieties of fruits are also a result of vegetative propagation.

22. DISADVANTAGES: - 1. The plants gradually lose their vigour as there is no genetic variation. 2.They are more prone to diseases that are specific to the species. This can result in the destruction of an entire crop. 3.Since many plants are produced, it results in overcrowding and lack of nutrients

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