PROPOSAL-DEFENSE___________________.pptx

DEFENSE

1. Underlying Causes of Students’ Absenteeism at Tacloban Central Institute of Technical Studies Inc. TACLOBAN CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL STUDIES, INC. Presentors Cabornay, Jose Joel C. De La Cruz, Ivy M. Pacios , Joanamay Rovero , Jade Prudence C. Sabusap , Nicol C.

2. INTRODUCTION Student absenteeism is a pressing issue at TCITSI. According to Avery (2024), absenteeism occurs when students skip classes without valid reasons. Research shows a link between absenteeism and higher dropout rates ( Grepon , 2020). The overall absenteeism rate in the Philippines: 4.5% 10% of schoolchildren are "persistently absent" (EDCOM 2, 2024). Absenteeism negatively affects academic achievement (Klein et al., 2021).

3. RESEARCH QUESTIONS The study aims to determine: What is/are the specific challenge/s that students face in maintaining regular attendance at TCITSI? With the mentioned challenges, what coping mechanism do students employ to manage in attending classes at TCITSI?  

4. Scope and limitation This study will deal mainly with the underlying causes of students’ absenteeism at TCITS, for S.Y. 2024-2025. The participants of this study will be the selected Grade 11 and 12 students of TCITSI who are Enrolled in the S.Y. 2024-2025, and that has met the criteria set by the researchers such as; (1) bonifide students of TCITSI, (2) Enrolled for S.Y 2024-2025, first semester and (3) Commits absenteeism.

5. Definition of Terms Absenteeism - r efers to habitual or frequent absence of students from school without valid reason. Academic performance – determined by various factors such as study habits, attitudes, and skills. Significance- the quality of being worthy of attention importance. Reason- is the explanation or cause for something.

6. Significance of The Study The students. This study will help the students to attend their class regularly since it will provide information about the benefits that they can obtain from attending school. The Teachers. The teachers could help to encourage the students to attend school and will be equipped with scientific research so they can treat this problem. The Parents. This study the parents should push their children go to school and will give support education.

7. Significance of the Study The school Administrator. This study will help the school administrator to add more knowledge about the Underlying causes of student's absenteeism in TCITSI. The Future Researchers. This study will be conducted to further open doors for future researchers to refine and expand studies in relation to absenteeism. This may serve as a source of information.

8. Theoretical Framework Theory of Abraham Maslow This study will be anchored on the Theory of Abraham Maslow; the hierarchy of needs . Students’ absenteeism linked to unmet need; physiological, safety, love, and belongings, esteem, and self -actualization. Addressing these can improve attendance ( Maslow's 1943). The Hierarchy of needs by Abraham Maslow

9. Review of Related Literature Family-Related Factors - Financial problems, household responsibilities ( Vidyakala , 2020; Conel , 2022). School-Related Factors - Negative school environment, poor teacher-student relationships (Demir & Karabeyoğlu , 2016). Social & Environmental Factors - Transportation issues, weather conditions (Melander et al., 2022). Psychological Factors - Anxiety, mental health concerns ( Ocak et al., 2017; Kiani et al., 2019).

10. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research Design This study will employ a Qualitative research design. Qualitative research focuses on the nature of phenomena, including quality, manifestations, context, and viewpoints, but lacks objective cause-and-effect chain information.

11. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research Locale The study will be conducted at Tacloban Central Institute of Technical Studies Inc. Located at Avenida Veteranos , Downtown, Tacloban City, Leyte, Philippines

12. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Sampling Method In this study, purposive sampling will be used to get the need sample and explore the underlying causes of absenteeism. This method is chosen because it allows the researchers to select students who can provide detailed insights into the underlying causes of absenteeism, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the issue (Palinkas et al., 2015). By focusing on students with varying absenteeism records and accessibility, the researchers can obtain a diverse range of perspectives and experiences. This approach will help identify common themes and unique challenges that contribute to student.

13. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Data Collection Procedure Obtain approval from the school principal. Request attendance records from class advisers. Seek consent from identified students. Conduct interviews using structured questionnaires. Record and analyze responses while ensuring confidentiality.

14. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research Instruments This Study will use research-made interview guide questionnaire as its instruments in gathering data on Underlying causes of student absenteeism at TCITSI. The instrument is consisted of open-ended questions divide d in two section: (1) attendance challenges (e.g.., personal, familial, institutional, factors) and (2) coping mechanisms (e.g.., support system, strategies, resources). Participants will provide narrative responses, allowing for in-depth insights into their experience.

15. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Data Analysis Procedure Familiarization (Reviewing interview transcripts.) Coding (Identifying common themes.) Theme Generation (Grouping similar responses.) Theme Review (Ensuring accuracy.) Defining Themes (Naming and categorizing themes) Report Writing (Presenting findings with supporting evidence.)

16. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Ethical Consideration Participants will be fully briefed on the study. Data will be kept secure and anonymous. Participants can withdraw at any time. Clear communication about the study's purpose. No discrimination in participant selection. Researchers will uphold honesty and ethical research practices. Special care will be taken for students facing hardships. Participants have the right to refuse participation without consequences.

17. Reference List Aniyan , A. T. (2018). Absenteeism and factors affecting absenteeism. International Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Research , 05 (01), 27–31. https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.9318.201807   Aurellana , C. (2019). Causes of absenteeism and tardiness among students of Gulod Senior High School . Ascendens Asia Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Abstracts. https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/AAJMRA/article/view/5865   Avery, T. R. (2024, March 21). “a challenging problem”: CCSD’s student absenteeism remains high . Journal. https://www.reviewjournal.com/local/education/a-challenging-problem-ccsds-student-absenteeism-remains-high-3020667/ Busetto , L., Wick, W., & Gumbinger, C. (2020). How to use and assess qualitative research methods. Neurological Research and Practice, 2 (1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s42466-020-00059-z. Caulfield, J. (2023, June 22). How to do thematic analysis: Step-by-step guide & examples . Scribbr . https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/thematic-analysis/ Conel , E. (2022aa). Factors affecting absenteeism among junior high school students in a public school . International Journal of Studies in Education and Science. https://www.ijses.net/index.php/ijses/article/view/37 

18. Reference List Conel , E. (2022b). Factors affecting absenteeism among junior high school students in a public school . International Journal of Studies in Education and Science. https://www.ijses.net/index.php/ijses/article/view/37   Demir, K., & Karabeyoğlu , Y. A. (2016a). Factors associated with absenteeism in high schools. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research , 16 (62). https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2016.62.4   Demir, K., & Karabeyoğlu , Y. A. (2016b). Factors associated with absenteeism in high schools. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research , 16 (62). https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2016.62.4   Demir, K., & Karabeyoğlu , Y. A. (2016c). Factors associated with absenteeism in high schools. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research , 16 (62). https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2016.62.4   Demir, K., & Karabeyoğlu , Y. A. (2016d). Factors associated with absenteeism in high schools. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research , 16 (62). https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2016.62.4   Dimaisip , E. (2019). Factors affecting absenteeism in Philippine public elementary schools. * Ascendens Asia Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Abstracts, 3*(2D). [https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/AAJMRA/article/view/9938](https://ojs.aaresearchindex.com/index.php/AAJMRA/article/view/9938)

19. Reference List EDCOM 2. (2024). Miseducation: The Failed System of Philippine Education . Department of Education, Philippines. Retrieved from https://edcom2.gov.ph/edcom-2-releases-year-one-report/ . DO 18, S. 1991 – Policy on Absenteeism and Tardiness. Department of Education. (1991, February 25). https://www.deped.gov.ph/1991/02/25/do-18-s-1991-policy-on-absenteeism-and-tardiness/ Grepon , B. G. S. (2020). (PDF) absenteeism and parental involvement in home and school among middle school students of public school in Northern Mindanao, Philippines: Basis for intervention. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349915844_Absenteeism_and_Parental_Involvement_in_Home_and_School_among_Middle_School_Students_of_Public_School_in_Northern_Mindanao_Philippines_Basis_for_Intervention Kiani, R., McDougall, T., & Everington , D. (2019a). Mental health and absenteeism: A review of the literature. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60*(4), 409-421. Kiani, R., McDougall, T., & Everington , D. (2019b). Mental health and absenteeism: A review of the literature. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60*(4), 409-421. Kiani, R., McDougall, T., & Everington , D. (2019c). Mental health and absenteeism: A review of the literature. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60*(4), 409-421.

20. Reference List Klein, J., Cornell, D., & Konold , T. (2021). Absenteeism and academic achievement: A study of high school students . Educational Researchers, 50(2), 91-100. Klein, M., Sosu , E. M., & Dare, S. (2021a). School absenteeism and academic achievement: Does the reason for absence matter? . University of Strathclyde. https://pureportal.strath.ac.uk/en/publications/school-absenteeism-and-academic-achievement-does-the-reason-for-a   Klein, M., Sosu , E. M., & Dare, S. (2021b). School absenteeism and academic achievement: Does the reason for absence matter? . University of Strathclyde. https://pureportal.strath.ac.uk/en/publications/school-absenteeism-and-academic-achievement-does-the-reason-for-a   Maslow, A. H. (1943a). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370–396. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054346    Maslow, A. H. (1943b). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370–396. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054346    Maslow, A. H. (1943c). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370–396. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0054346    Melander, K., Kortteisto , T., Hermanson, E., Kaltiala , R., Mäki-Kokkila , K., Kaila, M., & Kosola , S. (2022). The perceptions of different professionals on school absenteeism and the role of School Health Care: A FOCUS Group study conducted in Finland. PLOS ONE, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264259  

21. Reference List Milheim , K. L. (2012). Toward a better experience: Examining student needs in the online classroom through Maslow’s hierarchy of needs model. Scholar Works. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/css_pubs/2/   Ocak , G., Ocak , İ., & Baysal , E. A. (2017a). The causes of absenteeism of high school students . European Journal of Education Studies. https://oapub.org/edu/index.php/ejes/article/view/584    Ocak , G., Ocak , İ., & Baysal , E. A. (2017b). The causes of absenteeism of high school students . European Journal of Education Studies. https://oapub.org/edu/index.php/ejes/article/view/584    Özcan , M. (2020a). Student absenteeism in high schools: Factors to consider. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 32 (1), 65-81. https://doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2020.22 Özcan , M. (2020b). Student absenteeism in high schools: Factors to consider. Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools, 32 (1), 65-81. https://doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2020.22 Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood , K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in Mixed Method Implementation Research . Administration and policy in mental health. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4012002/

22. Reference List Sabado, J. E., Llantada , A. J., Llantada , R., Gayacan , Z. J., Palarca , S. M., Buduan , K. M., Bernardino, M., Pale, D. F., Bacena , J. L., Gutierrez, M. R., Secretario , L. M., & Bautista, C. J. A. (2024). Unraveling perceived factors affecting the school attendance of senior high school students in Bintawan National High School. *Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 18*(2), 111-122. [https://scimatic.org/storage/journals/11/pdfs/2687.pdf](https://scimatic.org/storage/journals/11/pdfs/2687.pdf) Vidyakala , K. (2020a). Factors influencing student absenteeism in school . SSRN. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3614281    Vidyakala , K. (2020b). Factors influencing student absenteeism in school . SSRN. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3614281  

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