Protected area network :Biosphere reserves

What is protected area network with details and detailed information about Biosphere Reserve in India.

1. PROTECTED AREA NETWORK:BIOSPHERE RESERVES Presented By- ALMAS TAMAKE SIES, IIEM

2. Introduction Conservation is the protection, preservation, management or restoration of wildlife and natural resources(forest, water). • 1 st focus : Maintaining the health of the natural world , its fisheries, habitats, and biological diversity. • 2 nd focus : Material and energy conservation, important to protect the natural world. Conservation isn’t about protecting genes, species ecosystems ,but it is protecting the processes of life . Conservation can broadly classified into 2 : 1.IN SITU: “On -site conservation” 2.EX SITU: “Off-site conservation”

3. Protected Areas (PA) Corner stone of In- situ conservation Areas of land/sea especially dedicated to the protection & maintenance of biological diversity PA Network may contribute to conservation targets through the maintenance of target species & the their habitats , as well as the conservation of natural or semi – natural ecosystem. These areas are managed through legal or other effective means. Eg : National parks , Bioreserves & Sanctuaries. The world conservation union has a key role in promoting the establishment of PAs throughout the world. 1948 - IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) developed standards and guidelines for PA management.

4. IUCN PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT CATEGORIES Category Ia : Strict Nature Reserve Category Ib : Wilderness Area Category II: National Park Category III: Natural Monument or Feature Category IV: Habitat/Species Management Area Category V: Protected Landscape/Seascape Category VI: Protected Area with sustainable use of natural resources Strict protection

5. Benefits of PA Maintain viable populations of all native and sub-species. Maintain the number and distribution of communities & habitats & conserve the genetic diversity of all the present species. Prevent man-made introduction of alien species . Make it possible for species / habitats to shift in response to environmental changes. India has over 600 PAs, which includes over 90 National Parks , 500 Sanctuaries & 15 Biosphere reserves.

6. PROTECTED AREA OF INDIA India is one of the 17 mega diverse countries of the world.India is home to World's largest wild tiger population and has got unique assemblage of globally important endangered species like Asiatic lion,asian elephant,one horned rhinoceros,gangetic river dolphin,snow leopard,kashmir stag,gharial,great indian bustard etc. A National Board for Wildlife(NBWL),chaired by the PM of India provides for policy frameworkfor wildlife conservation in the country.the National Wildlife Action Plan(2002-2016) has been adopted;emphasizing the peoples' participation & their support for wildlife conservation.

7. PM is the chairperson of National Board for Wildlife & the Minister in charge for Forest and Wildlife is the Vice-Chairperson. Similarly CM is the chairperson of State Board for Wildlife & the Minister in charge for Forest and Wildlife is the Vice-Chairperson. All the power has been given to Chief Wildlife Warden .

8. National Parks of India IUCN category II Worldwide 6555 national parks (2006) First national park of the world- Yellowstone national park,1872 Largest National Park-Northeast Greenland National park,1979 There are 112 National Parks of India (April;2002). India's first National Park-Jim Corbett National Park,Uttarakhand,1936 (formerly known as Hailey National Park)

9. Wildlife Sanctuaries of India IUCN category IV There are 515 wildlife sanctuaries in india 41 tiger reserves ,governed by Project Tiger Largest sanctuary: Nagarjun sagar - srisailam tiger reserve( A.P,Telengana )

10. Biosphere Reserves Bioreserves Bioreserves are a special category of protected areas of land /coastal environments , wherein people are an integral component of the ecosystem. Man and Biosphere Reserve ( MAB) programme of UNESCO formulated the concept of Biosphere Reserves in 1975. It deals with the conservation of ecosystems and the genetic resources contained there in. The first biosphere reserve of the world established in 1979. 562 reserves in 109 countries

11. Biosphere reserve zones A biosphere reserve is divided into 3 zones; 1. Core zone: Which is strongly protected for the conservation of biological diversity — to make sure that different types of plants and animals are safe from human impact. 2. Buffer zone: Surrounds the core zones and provide a space for environmental research, recreation, and tourism. 3. Transition zone: This area is for local communities that have a hand in managing the resources of the area through farming, fisheries, and other non-governmental activities.

12. Role of biosphere reserves A biosphere reserve preserves a) wild population b) life style of tribes c) genetic resources of domesticated plants and animals. It helps in 1) conservation 2) promotes economic development 3) Scientific research, monitoring and education

13. Functions Of Biosphere Reserves Fulfil 3 basic functions, which are complementary and mutually reinforcing: -A conservation function - to contribute to the conservation of landscapes, ecosystems, species and genetic variation; - A development function - to foster economic and human development which is socio-culturally and ecologically sustainable; -A logistic function - to provide support for research, monitoring, education and information exchange related to local, national and global issues of conservation and development.

14. Biosphere Reserves of India 1. Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve - Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka 2. Nanda Devi National Park & Biosphere Reserve – Uttarakhand 3. Gulf of Mannar - Tamil Nadu 4. Nokrek – Meghalaya 5. Sundarbans - West Bengal 6. Manas – Assam 7. Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve - Andaman and Nicobar Islands 8. Simlipal – Odisha 9. Dibru-Saikhowa - Assam 10. Dihang-Dibang - Arunachal Pradesh 11. Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve - Madhya Pradesh 12. Khangchendzonga - Sikkim 13. Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve - Kerala, Tamil Nadu 14. Achanakamar – Amarkantak - Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh 15. Great Rann of Kutch - Gujarat 16. Cold Desert - Himachal Pradesh 17. Seshachalam Hills -Andhra Pradesh 18. Panna - Madhya Pradesh

15. World Network Nine of the Eighteen biosphere reserves are a part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves , based on the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme list. 1. Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve,TamilNadu,Kerala , Karnataka,2000 2. Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve, Tamil Nadu, 2001 3. Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve, [West Bengal], 2001 4. Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, Uttarakhand , 2004 5. Nokrek Biosphere Reserve Meghalaya2009 6. Pachmarhi Biosphere ReserveMadhya Pradesh2009 7. Simlipal Biosphere Reserve, Odisha , 2008 8. Achanakmar-Amarkantak Biosphere Reserve Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, 2012 9. Nicobar Islands, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 2013

16. Potential sites for Biosphere Reserves Namdapha , Arunachal Pradesh Thar Desert, Rajasthan Little Rann of Kutch, Gujarat Kavalam , Assam Kanha , Madhya Pradesh North Islands of Andaman and Nicobar Tawang and West Kamang Abujmarh , Chhattisgarh Chintapalli , Andhra Pradesh Lakshadweep Islands, Lakshadweep Singhbhum Seshachallam Blue Mountain

17. Agasthiayamalai biosphere reserve State : Kerala Area : 1,701sq. km. The forest tracts of Neyyar , Peppara , Shendumey wildlife Sancturias and Achencoil , Thenmala , Konni , Punalur , Thiruvananthapuram Divisions and Agasthyavanam Specil Division are included in the this reserve. This reserve is likely to be extended to parts of Kanyakumari and Tirunelveli districts of Tamilnadu , the Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve and Kalakkadu wildlife sanctuary. Forest type includes thorn, moist deciduous and semi-evergreens. The area is rich in plant and animal diversity. This Biosphere Reserve harbors the most diverse eco-systems in Peninsular India.  

18. Flora So far, 2000 species of flowering plants have been reported. 30 new plant species are recorded from this region, about 100 endemic and 50 rare. A few examples are Aristolochia (Snake root), Cardiospermum (Faux persilo ), Ceropegia (Taper vine), Dioscorea (Wild yam), Gloriosa (Glory lily), Rauvolfia (Serpentine wood) and Smilax (Laurel leaf greenbrier) Fauna Threatened animal species found in this reserve are tiger, lion-tailed macaque, great pied hornbill and slender loris . Threats The main threats are several settlements in the existing hydel and irrigation projects, cultivation of plantation crops and increase in the number of pilgrims to Agastyakudam area.

19. REFERENCES Benton M .J(2001) . “ Biodiversity on land & in the sea “Geological Journal 36 ( 3 – 4 ):211-230. Chowdhuri , A.B. and A. Chowdhury , 1994. Mangroves of the Sundarbans . Vol. - I: India. World Conservation, Gland. : 247 . Biodiversity and Protected Areas: the concept and case studies U. Grant, S.Kratli , Y. Mahiba , C. Magnussen , G. R. Saavedra & I. Rodrigues , 1998. Protected Area Network in India.pdf Biosphere Reserves and Management in India, edited by Maikhuri , R.K., K.S.Rao and R.K.Rai , G.B.Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Kosi-Katarmal , Almora , 1998.2 Biosphere Reserves Information Service, Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, 2001 Biosphere Reserves: Proceedings of the First National Symposium, Udhagamandalam , Government of India, 1986. http://www.wii.gov.in/envis/index.html

20. Thank you