Provincial-Styles-of-Architecture-in-India (1).pptx

provincial style india history of arhitecture , bachelor of architecture

1. Provincial Styles of Architecture in India Unique regional variations developed across Indian provinces between the 12th and 17th centuries. Ar. Afeefa K

2. Fusion of Styles Islamic Influence Brought by foreign rulers Hindu Influence Indigenous craftsmanship

3. Prominent Provincial Styles 1 Punjab Unique regional variations 2 Bengal Fusion of Islamic and Hindu elements 3 Gujarat Prominent provincial styles 4 Jaunpur Regions with prominent provincial styles 5 Malwa 6 Deccan 7 Bijapur

4. Factors Influencing Styles 1 Central Power Influence Regions closer to Delhi 2 Local Artisans Indigenous craftsmanship 3 Climatic Conditions Geography and climate

5. Key Provincial Styles by Region

6. 1. Punjab (1150–1325 AD)

7. Punjab (1150–1325 AD) Fusion of Styles The architectural language combined the grandeur of Islamic domes and arches with local Hindu ornamentation and design. Examples The fusion of styles is evident in the architecture of the Lahore Fort, which features intricate carvings and decorative elements inspired by both Islamic and Hindu traditions. 1 Early Provincial Style Punjab was one of the first regions to experience Islamic influence, due to early Arab invasions through Multan and Lahore. 2 Key Features The architecture of Punjab combined elements of Islamic and Hindu styles. 3 Brickwork and Wooden Elements Buildings were primarily constructed with locally available brick, accented by wooden doorways and balconies.

8. Tomb of Shah Rukhn -I- Alam

9. SIGNIFICANCE : One of the finest examples of  Indo-Islamic funerary architecture , blending  Tughlaq architectural principles  with local decorative techniques. Known for its  monumentality  and harmonious proportions, standing atop a  hill , which gives it a dominant appearance Period : Built during the  Tughluq dynasty PLAN : Octagonal in shape with a  three-tiered structure . First Tier : 4-meter thick walls reinforced with  buttresses . Second Tier : Smaller octagonal section,  8 meters  in diameter, crowned by a dome. Dome : Diameter of  15 meters , resting on an octagonal base.

10. MATERIALS : Constructed primarily of  red brick  with wooden beams ( shisam wood ). Exterior Decoration : Use of  blue and white faience mosaic tiles  with  carved brick and woodwork . Geometric and  floral designs ,  calligraphic motifs , and  arabesque patterns  decorate the outer walls. INTERIOR : The tomb’s interior consists of a  single chamber  that rises to the dome. Walls are adorned with  wood carvings ,  calligraphy , and  enameled tiles .

11. 2. Jaunpur (1376–1479 AD) Jaunpur, established in 1360 AD by Firoz Shah Tughlaq, became a hub of architectural innovation under the Sharqi dynasty .

12. Sharqi Dynasty Architecture Depressed Four-Centered Arches Unique, often adorned with Fleur-de-Lys fringes Hindu Influence Trabeate system used extensively, reflecting local Hindu masons' expertise Rough Execution Masons' comfort with trabeate construction led to weaker curves and arches Fleur-de-Lys fringes  TRABEATE was a style of construction in which the roofs, doors and windows were built by placing a horizontal beam across two vertical columns.

13. Atala Masjid

14. Built by Shams- ud -Din Ibrahim . SIGNIFICANCE : One of the earliest mosques in Jaunpur . Displays an additional flavor of the Delhi Tughlaq architectural style, while maintaining its own distinct identity Served as a model for future mosques in Jaunpur , influencing regional mosque architecture . Exhibits a blend of Islamic architectural forms and local Hindu traditions , particularly through the trabeate system of construction Pylons CLOISTERS the open courtyard that connects the various buildings of the monastery by means of a covered walkway

15. External Side Entrance Main Portal PLAN: The mosque has a square courtyard of 177 feet per side, with cloisters on three sides and a sanctuary on the western side. Entire mosque structure is a square of 258 feet ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS : Pylons : The facade features a 75-foot high central pylon, accentuating the entrance to the nave. Smaller pylons flank it. Arches : Use of depressed four-centered arches , with Fleur-de-Lys fringes. Cloisters : Spacious, two-storied, with pillared verandahs . CENTRAL IWAN CENTRAL IWAN: The two rectangular turrets give the masjid a strong and majestic appearance .

16. SANCTUARY : Divided into three vertical parts: First level : Mihrab wall and a high pulpit . Second level : Arches and squinches turning the room into an octagon . Third level : A triforium arcade supporting the dome . Dome : 57 feet high, hemispherical, supported by a circular course of stone . Interior : Pillared transepts on either side of the nave, forming octagonal bays roofed by smaller domes . Zenana Chambers : Upper-story compartments for women , screened off by perforated screens