PS- UNIT - 1.pptxpppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp

ram sir notes

1. UNIT I

2. Introduction The word "safety" used to mean the older strategy of accident prevention through the use of hard hats, safety shoes, and a variety of rules and regulations. The main emphasis was on worker safety. Much more recently, "safety" has been replaced by "loss prevention." This term includes hazard identification, technical evaluation, and the design of new engineering features to prevent loss. The subject of the text is loss prevention, but for convenience, the words "safety” and "loss prevention" will be used synonymously.

3. Importance of safety Reduced risk or accidents or injuries by identifying and mitigating hazards Improved efficiency and productivity due to fewer employees missing work from illness or injury Improved employee relations and morale (a safer work environment is a less stressful work environment) Reduced costs associated with accidents or injuries (healthcare and rehabilitative costs, losses in productivity, impact on employees’ well-being) Lower insurance premiums resulting from fewer workplace incidents and workers’ compensation claims

4. OBJECTIVES OF SAFETY To ensure Safety, Health and Welfare of the workers in the factory, by effective enforcement of the provisions of the statutory regulations. To ensure protection of worker's rights and to redress their grievances. To prevent not only the major industrial accidents, but also prevent the accidents causing permanent or partial disablement. To create awareness about safety amongst the management and workers by arranging seminars, workshops, training programs in co-ordination with the other social partners and industries associations. To ensuring zero Accident in industries.

5. SAFETY PROGRAMMES A successful safety program requires following ingredients, System Attitude Fundamentals Experience Time You First, the program needs a system (1) to record what needs to be done to have an outstanding safety program, (2) to do what needs to be done, and (3) to record that the required tasks are done.

6. Second, the participants must have a positive attitude. This includes the willingness to do some of the thankless work that is required for success. Third, the participants must understand and use the fundamentals of chemical process safety in the design, construction, and operation of their plants. Fourth, everyone must learn from the experience of history or be doomed to repeat it. It is especially recommended that employees (1) read and understand case histories of past accidents and (2) ask people in their own and other organizations for their experience and advice.

7. Fifth, everyone should recognize that safety takes time. This includes time to study, time to do the work, time to record results (for history), time to share experiences, and time to train or be trained. Sixth, everyone (you) should take the responsibility to contribute to the safety program. A safety program must have the commitment from all levels within the organization. Safety must be given importance equal to production. It is important to recognize the distinction between a good and an outstanding safety program. A good safety program identifies and eliminates existing safety hazards. An outstanding safety program has management systems that prevent the existence of safety hazards

8. COMPONENTS OF SAFETY PROGRAMME Hazard Assessment and Correction Training and Education Established Policies and Procedures Accident Investigation Review Executive Management Commitment

9. Accident/Disaster Occurrence:

10. ACCEPTABLE RISK It is the risk for which the probability of a hazard-related incident or exposure occurring and the severity of harm or damage that may result are as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP) and tolerable in the setting being considered. Residual risk: the risk remaining after protective measures have been taken. EX: there is always the risk that a storage tank may be overfilled. However, by ensuring that tank is equipped with an accurate and reliable level gauge as well as an independent high-level alarm switch, and – importantly – making sure this equipment is regularly tested and serviced by competent engineers, then site managers can make a strong case that they have done all that is reasonably practicable to restrict the risk of overspills and thus improve safety.

11. Safety Hazards Associated with Oil and Gas Extraction Activities: Oil and gas well drilling and servicing activities involve many different types of equipment and materials. Recognizing and controlling hazards is critical to preventing injuries and deaths. Several of these hazards are highlighted below: Vehicle Collisions Struck-By/ Caught-In/ Caught-Between Explosions and Fires Falls Confined Spaces Ergonomic Hazards High-Pressure Lines and Equipment Electrical and Other Hazardous Energy Machine Hazards

12. WHAT COULD GO WRONG WITHOUT SAFETY?