PSM seminar on UIP universal immunisation prograame

Seminar on UIP

1. UNIVERSAL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMME 1

2. INTRODUCTION Presenters : Aanchal Katara 01 Aarushi Soni 02 Abhipreet Dindor 03 Abhishek Yadav 04 Adnan Ahmed 05 2

3. 3 IMMUNIZING AGENTS:- VACCINES IMMUNOGLOBULINS ANTISERA OR ANTITOXINS

4. VACCINE VACCINE IS AN IMMUNO-BIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCE DESIGNED TO PRODUCE SPECIFIC PROTECTION AGAINST A GIVEN DISEASE . IT STIMULATES THE PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODY . 4

5. DISCOVERY OF VACCINE The first vaccine was discovered by Dr. Edward Jenner in 1976. He observed that the dairymaids were protected from smallpox naturally after having suffered from cowpox 5

6. IMPORTANCE OF IMMUNIZATION Disease Immunization : most effective method to prevent spread of contagious disease . Eradication and control : Immunization has been instrumental in eradicating or controlling various deadly diseases. Smallpox was declared eradicated in 1980. Herd Immunity : When a significant portion of the population is immunized against a disease, it creates a protective barrier, or herd immunity. 6

7. 7 UNIVERSAL IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMME HISTORY In May 1974 , WHO launched its ‘ EXPANDED PROGRAMME ON IMMUNIZATION ‘ [EPI] against six, most common , preventable childhood diseases Diphtheria Pertussis Tetanus Polio Tuberculosis Measles In 1985 , the UNICEF renamed it as ‘ UNIVERSAL CHILD IMMUNIZATION ‘ [UCI]

8. 8 The Government of India launched its EPI in 1978 with objectives of Reducing the mortality and morbidity resulting from vaccine preventable diseases of childhood To achieve self-sufficiency in the production of vaccines. Universal Immunization Programme was started in India in 1985 . It has two vital components : immunization of pregnant women against tetanus and immunization of women in their first year of life against the six EPI target diseases . INDIA

9. 9 The pulse polio immunization was started in 1992 Mission Indradhanush was launched on 25 December 2014 as a special drive to vaccinate all unvaccinated and partially vaccinated children and pregnant women by 2020 .

10. 10 Mission Indradhanush Initiative of Ministry of Health and Family welfare , Government of India Immunization of all children below 2 years of age and pregnant women against vaccine preventable diseases .

11. 11 Seven colours of rainbow = Immunity against seven vaccine preventable diseases of childhood Mission Indradhanush Diptheria Measels Tetanus Tuberculosis Polio Hepatitis B Pertusis

12. 12 National Immunization Schedule [NIS] For Infants

13. 13

14. 14 For Children

15. 15 For Pregnant Women

16. BCG (Bacillus calmette-guérin) 16 Route - Intradermal Dose - 0.05 mL (Newborn aged below 4 weeks) 0.1 mL after 4 weeks Site - left upper arm Age - either at birth (institutional deliveries) or at 6 weeks of age Maximum age up to which BCG can be given – 1 year Strain – attenuated bovine strain of tubercle bacilli Danish 1331 strain

17. Hepatitis b vaccine Introduced in - 1936 Active substance - Hbs Ag Available as - Monovalent or in fixed combination with other vaccines Route - intramuscular Birth dose - 0.5 mL (given within 24 hrs) Site - Antero lateral aspect of mid thigh

18. Oral (Sabin) polio vaccine (opv) 18 It was described by Sabin in 1957. Route - oral Dose- 2 drops Age- OPV ( Zero dose) :- At birth 6th, 10th and 14th weeks Complications- None Maximum age - 5 years Booster dose- 16th – 24th month

19. Inactivated (SALK) POLIO VACCINE (IPV) 19 Route - Intradermal, two fractional doses Dose- 0.1 mL Site- right upper arm Age- 6th week IPV1 14th week IPV2 Booster- 9 months Complications- no serious adverse reactions

20. Pentavalent vaccine 20 Provides protection from :- Diphtheria , Pertussis, Tetanus, Hepatitis B, hemophilus Influenza Type B Route- Intramuscular  Dose -0.5 ml Site - Anterolateral Aspect of mid thigh Age   - 6th week  (Pentavalent 1)  10th week (Pentavalent 2)  14th week (Pentavalent 3)

21. DPT vaccine (Diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) 21 Route - Intramuscular  Dose - 0.5ml Site - anterolateral aspect Age - 16 th to 24 th Month 5 to 10 years

22. Measles vaccine 22 Available in monovalent form (measles only)and in combination : measles -rubella (MR) measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine and measles -mumps - rubella - varicella (MMRV) vaccine Route - Subcutaneous Dose - 0.5ml  Site - Right upper arm Age - 9 months, 16-24 months Reactions - Mild ‘measles’ - fever and rash 5 to 10 days after immunisation Adverse effects - toxic shock syndrome / when vaccine is contaminated in the same vial is used for more than one session on the same day or next day.

23. Tetanus vaccine 23 Available as : (a) Combined vaccine - DPT (b) Monovalent vaccines   (1) Toxoid   (2) Tetanus vaccine, adsorbed ( PTAP, APT) ROUTE- Intramuscular DOSE - 0.5ml SITE- Deltoid

24. Td in pregnancy 24

25. The booster dose of IPV at 9 months introduced in Jan 2023 :- 25

26. 26 REFERENCE :- Park’s textbook of preventive and social medicine by K.Park National Institute of Health (NIH.gov) Essential of medical microbiology Apurba Sastry.

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