Psoriasis

The word Psoriasis is derived from Greek word ‘Psora’ means itching.
Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease results in patches of thick red skin covered with the silvery scales.
It affect approximately 2% of the population.
It occurs in any age group, most commonly occur in people between 15 – 35 years of age.

1. PSORIASIS Presented by: Vandana kumari b.sc. Nursing (2 nd year ) Roll no. - 99

2. INTRODUCTION The word Psoriasis is derived from Greek word ‘Psora’ means itching. Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease results in patches of thick red skin covered with the silvery scales. It affect approximately 2% of the population. It occurs in any age group, most commonly occur in people between 15 – 35 years of age.

3. DEFINITION Psoriasis is a chronic, non-infectious inflammatory disease of the skin in which the production of epidermal cells occurs at a rate that is about six to nine times faster than normal

4. Types of Psoriasis Plaque psoriasis: It is also known as Psoriasis vulgaris. It appear as raised, inflamed red skin, covered by silvery patches or scales. Site : Elbow, Knee, Sacrum, Scalp, Hands, Feet’s and Lower back. Guttate Psoriasis: It is characterized by numerous small oval ( Teardrop-shaped) spots. These numerous spots of Psoriasis appear over large area of the body such as trunk, limb and scalp.

5. Inverse Psoriasis: It is found in the skin folds such as inguinal axilla and sweating areas. It appears as smooth inflamed patches of skin. Pustular Psoriasis: It is an pus filled lesion surrounded by a red skin. It appears at hand and feet. Nail Psoriasis: It appear as small nail, yellow brown nail with chalk like debris build up under nails.

6. Erythrodermic Psoriasis: It occurs due sunburn, allergic reaction and strong coal product use.

7. ETIOLOGY Idiopathic cause (unknown cause) some of the factor that may Psoriasis are:- Genetic Autoimmune reaction Infection Injury to skin Changes in climate Medication: Lithium, Antimalarial medication etc. Stress Obesity Smoking

8. Pathophysiology Due to Etiological factor The skin in the patches of Psoriasis is growing much faster than normal skin Rapid production of cells which does not allow the cells to manufacture a keratin that gives it hard surface Flaking and patches of skin

9. Clinical Manifestations Initially the first sign of psoriasis is often red spot on the body Dry, swollen and inflamed patches Patches covered with silver-white flakes. Other symptom of psoriasis are: Pain, itching and burning sensation Dandruff on scalp Cracked and bleeding skin Yellow, discolored nail

10. Common site of Psoriatic lesion Scalp, Ear, Elbows, Nails Gluteal cleft, Knee, Toe nails, Genetalia

11. Diagnostic Evaluation History collection Physical examination Skin biopsy, under local anesthesia Blood and radiography test to rule out Psoriatic arthritis

12. Management Medical management Tropical treatment : – It slow over active epidermis. Vitamin D analogues : – Causing sloughing of growing epidermal cell. Coal tar : – Dry distillation product of organic matter heated in the absence of O 2 , combination of cream, ointments and pastes. Phototherapy: Sunlight:- Activated T-cells in skin are destroy lead to reduce scaling and inflammation Systemic therapy: Eg.- cyclosporine

13. Nursing Management Nursing diagnosis : - Impaired skin integrity related to lesion and inflammation response as evidence by itching all over the body. Nursing goals : - To maintain skin integrity. Intervention : - To advice patient not to scratch the affected area. Provide a calorie and high protein diet.

14. Complication Infection Fluid electrolyte imbalance Depression Hypertension Stress