PSYCHOLOGY - FOURTH MIDTERM TOPIC FIRST SEMESTER

UNDERSTANDING THE SELF - PSYCHOLOGY

2. What is Psychology?
Think FeelBehave

3. The Self As A
Cognitive
Construction

4. Jean Piaget
•Swiss clinical psychologist
Theory of Cognitive
Development
ØComprehensive theory about the development of
human intelligence
ØDeals with the nature of knowledge itself; and how
humans gradually come to acquire, construct, and use it
(Torres & Ash, 2007)

5. 3 Basic Components to Piaget’s
Cognitive Theory:
Schemas/SchemesØBuilding blocks of knowledge
Adaptation
ØInvolves the child’s learning processes
to meet situational demands
Stages of Cognitive
Development
ØInvolves the child’s learning processes
to meet situational demands

6. Adaptation

8. Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive
Development
1.The Sensorimotor Stage
- 0-2 years old
-The child learns by doing:
looking, touching and
sucking
-OBJECT PERMANENCE
appears around 9 months

9. 2. Pre-operational Stage
- 2-7 years old
-the child uses language
and symbols, including letters and numbers
-Egocentrism
-Conservation

13. 3. Concrete Operational Stage
-the child demonstrates conservation, reversibility,
serial ordering and a mature understanding of
cause-and-effect
-Thinking is still CONCRETE

15. 4. Formal Operational Stage
-12 years and up
-the individual
demonstrates
abstract thinking
at this stage

17. Harter’s Self Development
Early
Childhood
(CONCRETE)
Middle to Later
Childhood
(TRAIT)
Adolescence
(ABTRACT)
Emerging
Adults
(POSSIBLE SELF)

18. EARLY CHILDHOOD
•Physical attributes
•Material Possessions
•Behavior
•Preferences

19. MIDDLE TO LATE CHILDHOOD
•I AM SMART
•I AM HONEST
•I AM FRIENDLY
•I AM SHY

20. ADOLESCENCE
•Emergence of more abstract self

21. EMERGING ADULTS
•Having a vision of a “possible self”

22. Initiator Unique
Continuity Aware

23. MaterialSocial
Spiritual

24. HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY
•Emphasizes the active role of the individual
in shaping their internal and external world
•Highlights the individual’s innate drive
toward self-actualization

25. Carl Ransom Rogers
•American Psychologist and
among the founders of the
Humanistic approach to
psychology

26. Carl Ransom Rogers
•Coined the term Actualizing Tendency
•Highlighted free will and the great reservoir
of human potential for goodness (McLeod,
2014)

28. PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT AND SELF-CONCEPT
GROWTH-PROMOTING CLIMATE
Geniune + Acceptance= Self-Actualization

30. Multiple Self vs Unified Self

31. MULTIPLE vs UNIFIED SELVES
•William James (1890) said, “Properly speaking, a
man has as many social selves as there are
individuals who recognize him and carry an
image of him in their head.”

32. MULTIPLE vs UNIFIED SELVES
But the concept of the self loses its meaning if a
person has multiple selves…the essence of self
involves integration of diverse experiences into a
unity…In short, unity is one of the defining features
of selfhood and identity.
Roy Baumeister

33. IS THERE JUST ONE SELF OR ARE THERE
MANY SELVES?

34. ALLPORT’S PERSONALITY THEORY
•GORDON ALLPORT
ØProposed his “personality trait” theory
asserting that every person possesses traits
ØTRAIT is your essential characteristic that never,
ever changes and sticks with you all your life

35. EGO STATES
(Eric Berne)

36. True Self
vs.
False Self