Psychology unit III Aptitude

This PPt contains aptitude and its test

1. APTITUDE Prepared By Mrs.AKILA.A , M.Sc (N), M.Sc ( psy ) Associate Professor

2. INTRODUCTION Some people can paint beautifully, but cannot sing, Some are good at oral communication, but find it difficult to handle any mechanical device. This basic differences bring satisfaction to the individual, The reason for the differences is mainly due to aptitude.

3. APTITUDE Aptitude means quickness in learning and understanding. It may be an natural talent or an acquired ability. It is the special aptness or fitness for a special ability, such as mechanical, musical, artistic, Scholastic or Religious.

4. DEFINITION Aptitude refers to those qualities characterizing a person’s way of behaviour, which serve to indicate how well he can learn to meet and solve a certain specified kinds of problem.(Bingham-1937). It is a combination of characteristics indicative of an individual’s capacity to acquire (with training) some specific knowledge, skill, or set of organised responses, such as the ability to speak a language, to become a musician, to do mechanical work.(Freeman-1971 ).

5. CHARECTERISTICS / CONCEPTS OF APTITUDE Certain aspects of many aptitudes maybe inborn. It depends upon heredity and environment. Attitude differs from ability and achievement, Ability is present oriented whereas achievement is past oriented. But aptitude is future oriented. Aptitude measures the specific abilities.

6. Aptitude is an innate component of a competency to do a certain kind of work at certain level. Aptitudes are learnt potentialities. Aptitude is derived from general mental ability and it predicts one’s possible success or failure in a vocation. Aptitude helps an individual to learn faster and achieve success. Aptitude is very helpful in choosing any kind of activity, in which we wish to be successful or enjoy.

7. Aptitude is different from skill and proficiency. Skill is the ability to perform a given act with ease and precision, is skill is a psychomotor activity, but proficiency has the same meaning, except that it is more comprehensive.

8. TYPES OF ATTITUDE 1.SENSORY APTITUE 2.MECHANICAL APTITUDE 3.ARTISTIC APTITUDE 4.PROFESSIONAL APTITUDE 5.SCHOLSATIC APTITUDE

9. SENSORY APTITUDE All those aptitudes which are related to the sensory capacities and abilities of a children. Aptitude differs with each sense organ, some may have aptitude in sense of sight, others may have either sense of smell or sense of taste. It is purely based on sensory capacity. Sensory aptitudes are related to the sensory abilities of the children.

10. MECHANICAL APTITUDE Some persons have a specific bent of mind for the tasks related to the use of mechanical abilities. This aptitude involves the ability to understand and solve problems involving mechanical relationships and arrangements such as those, which occur in the adjustment, repair and assembly of machinery.

11. ARTISTIC APTITUDE It is related to the expression of artistic abilities and capacities are included in this category. Here, the activities are related to affective domain. The aesthetic sense is exhibited in activities.

12. ARTISTIC APTITUDES Musical Aptitude Aptitude for dance Aptitude for graphic art Aptitude for Photography Aptitude for acting Aptitude for designing Debating Aptitude Writing Aptitude Poetic Aptitude

13. PROFESSIONAL APTITUDE The aptitudes are related to the activities of various professions and occupations are included in this category. It helps to predict the future success of an individual in the field. Examples: 1.Clerical aptitude 2. Legal aptitude 3.Teaching aptitude 4.Banking aptitude

14. SCHOLASTIC APTITUDE The aptitudes of the scholastic and academic nature included in this category. These aptitudes demonstrate and predict the future success of an individual in the learning of a particular subject. Example: 1.Scientific Aptitude 2.Engineering aptitude 3.Medical aptitude 4.Linguistic aptitude

15. APTITUDE TEST Aptitude measurements are used to predict success or failure in an activity. Aptitude tests measures the degree or level of one’s special flair. They are chiefly used to estimate the extent to which an individual would profit from a specific course or training or to predict the quality of his or her achievement in a given situation.

16. Aptitude Test: 1. Verbal reasoning 2.Numerial reasoning 3.Abstract / inductive/ diagrammatic reasoning 4.Logical reasoning 5. Speciality/ technical aptitude Test Mechanical Aptitude tests Musical Aptitude tests Art Judgement Aptitude tests Professional Aptitude tests Legal, Engineering, research Aptitude tests Scholastic Aptitude tests

17. Verbal Reasoning This test measures the ability to comprehend complex written materials and deduct relevant information and conclusions. Verbal reasoning tests also include, - Spelling - Grammar - Logic - Vocabulary Tests

18. Numerical Reasoning N umerical reasoning test includes a wide range of aptitude tests varying from ‘ basic arithmetic tests’ through ‘estimation tests’ that measure speed in making educated mathematical estimations to ‘ advanced numerical reasoning tests’ that measure ability to interpret complex data presented in various graphic forms and to deduce information and conclusions.

19. Abstract / Inductive / Diagrammatic Reasoning These aptitude tests measure logical reasoning and Perceptual reasoning skills. These aptitude tests do not rely on acquired linguistic or numeric abilities. But on innate abilities and are thus called non verbal reasoning tests.

20. Logical Reasoning The logical reasoning test is an aptitude test meant to assess the ability to understand and make comprehensive conclusions from the provided data. It is one of the most common aptitude tests and although it may seem as one of the most difficult, with practice it becomes much simpler than it seems to be first.

21. Mechanical Aptitude Test S ensory, motor capacities and perception of spatial relations, the capacity to acquire information about mechanical matters and the capacity to comprehend mechanical relationship. Tests include: -Minnesota Mechanical assembly test Minnesota Spatial relations Test Revised Minnesota paper form board. Stenquest Mechanical Aptitude test Bennet test of mechanical aptitude test

22. Clerical Aptitude test Clerical Aptitudes test consists of Perceptual ability of words and numbers with speed and accuracy. Intellectual ability to grasp the meaning of words and symbols Motor abilities to use various types of machines and tools. Examples: Detroit clerical Aptitude test Minnesota Vocational Test for clerical workers The clerical ability test prepared by university of Mysore. Clerical Aptitude test Battery

23. Musical Aptitude Tests The musical Talents The components includes, Discrimination of pitch Discrimination of intensity of loudness Discrimination of time interval Judgement of rhythm Test items in this battery are presented on phonograph records.

24. Aptitude for Graphic Art The Meier art judgement test Horne Art Aptitude Inventory The Meier Art judgement test, there are 100 pairs of representational pictures in black and white.

25. Tests for Scholastic and Professional Aptitudes Stand ford scientific Aptitude test by D. L. Zyne Science Aptitude test( after higher secondary stage) Moss Scholastic Aptitude test for medical students Tale legal Aptitude test Shah’s T eaching test

26. INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN INTELLIGENCE AND APTITUDE Individual differences stand for the variation or deviations among individuals in regard to a single characteristic or a number of characteristics. Classifications: 1.Physical differences 2.Psychological differences

27. SUB TYPES Differences related to Physical growth and development Mental growth and development Motor skills and abilities Emotional make up Socialisation Morality Aesthetic sense

28. (viii) Interest (ix) attitudes, beliefs, values (x) self concept (xi) Psychomotor skills (xii)Study habits (xiii) Achievements CAUSES FOR THE DIFFERENCES: 1.Heredity 2.Environment

29. Individual differences in performance on cognitive tasks are due to differences in working memory capacity, information Processing speed, the breadth of procedural knowledge. Factors like age, sex, environment effect the level of aptitude.

30. NURSING IMPLICATIONS OF APTITUDE The knowledge of the aptitude will also give optimism in nurses future success. Knowledge of the aptitude will be helpful to the nurse to develop proper attitude for the profession. If nurse has an aptitude for her profession she is bound to be a successful nurse, whatever the impediments she might meet in her path .

31. CONCLUSION Aptitude refers to those qualities or characteristics a person’s way of behaviour which serve to indicate how well he can learn to meet and solve certain kind of problems.