Psychosis_ Hallucinations and Delusions _ Nov_21.pptx

The slide talks about psychosis with its associated mental illenesses.

1. Psychosis A severe mental disorder characterized by: Disconnection from reality This results in strange behavior Often accompanied by perceptual disorders [ hallucinations ] And false beliefs [ delusions ] Are a group of serious illnesses that affect the mind. They make it hard for someone to: think clearly, make good judgments, respond with appropriate emotional, communicate effectively, understand reality. Unable to handle activities of a normal life But can be treated 11/22/2021 P. Moses_lecturer_UZ 1

2. Types of Psychotic Disorders There are different types of psychotic disorders, including: Schizophrenia People with this illness have changes in behavior and other symptoms -- such as delusions and hallucinations -- that last longer than 6 months. Schizoaffective disorder: People have symptoms of both schizophrenia and a mood disorder, such as depression or bipolar disorder. 11/22/2021 P. Moses_lecturer_UZ 2

3. Types of Psychotic Disorders Brief psychotic disorder: People with this illness have a sudden, short period of psychotic behavior, often in response to a very stressful event, such as a death in the family. Recovery is often quick -- usually less than a month. Substance-induced psychotic disorder: This condition is caused by the use of or withdrawal from drugs, such as hallucinogens, cocaine, dagga, that cause hallucinations, delusions, or confused speech. 11/22/2021 P. Moses_lecturer_UZ 3

4. Symptoms Psychotic Symptoms : Losing touch with reality symptoms can come and go. Sometimes they are severe and at other times hardly noticeable, depending on whether the individual is receiving treatment. They include the following: 1. Hallucinations : Are things a person sees, hears, smells, or feels that no one else can see, hear, smell, or feel. Voices are the most common type of hallucination. Many people with the schizophrenia hear voices. 11/22/2021 P. Moses_lecturer_UZ 4

5. Hallucinations – Perceptual Disorders Hallucinations are false perceptions Visual Hallucinations- “Do you ever see things that are not really there Auditory Hallucinations – Do you ever hear things that are not really there The voices; may talk to the person about his or her behaviour, order the person to do things, or warn the person of danger. Sometimes the voices talk to each other. People with schizophrenia may hear voices for a long time before family and friends notice this behaviour 11/22/2021 P. Moses_lecturer_UZ 5

6. Hallucinations – Perceptual Disorder Olfactory Hallucinations – Do you ever smell things that are not really there ? - smelling odours that no one else detects, Tactile Hallucinations – Do you ever feel things that are not really there? - and feeling things like invisible fingers touching their bodies when no one is near 11/22/2021 P. Moses_lecturer_UZ 6

7. Delusions 2. Delusions are false beliefs that are not part of the person's culture and do not change. The person believes delusions even after other people prove that the beliefs are not true or logical. People with schizophrenia can have delusions that seem bizarre, such as believing that neighbours can control their behaviour with magnetic waves. 11/22/2021 P. Moses_lecturer_UZ 7

8. Types of Delusions Types of Delusions 1. Paranoid Delusions Fixed and false belief that one is being harmed or persecuted by a particular individual or a group of people 11/22/2021 P. Moses_lecturer_UZ 8

9. Types of Delusions 2. Delusions of Reference : Anything has a particular reference for them Believing that 'somehow everyone on a bus is talking about him/her. A feeling that people on television or radio are talking about or talking directly to him/her. Believing that headlines or stories in newspapers are written especially for him/her. Believing that the lyrics of a song are specifically about him/her. 11/22/2021 P. Moses_lecturer_UZ 9

10. Types of Delusions 3. Delusions of Gradeur Strong belief that they are very important people , they are wealthy and very powerful. 4. Erotomanic Delusions Belief that someone is in love with them, especially people in important and high ranking positions 5. Delusions of Jealousy preoccupation with the thought that their spouse or sexual partner is being unfaithful without having any real proof 6. ETC 11/22/2021 P. Moses_lecturer_UZ 10

11. Other Symptoms Other possible symptoms of psychotic illnesses include: Disorganized or incoherent speech Confused thinking Strange, possibly dangerous behavior Slowed or unusual movements Loss of interest in personal hygiene Loss of interest in activities Problems at school or work and with relationships Cold, detached manner with the inability to express emotion Mood swings or other mood symptoms, such as depression or mania 11/22/2021 P. Moses_lecturer_UZ 11