Pulmonary Diseases and its diet andMNT.pptx

Pulmonary disease

1. Pulmonary Diseases Medical Nutrition Therapy

2. Asthma Asthma is  a condition in which your airways narrow and swell and may produce extra mucus . This can make breathing difficult and trigger coughing, a whistling sound (wheezing) when you breathe out and shortness of breath. For some people, asthma is a minor nuisance

3. Sign & Symptoms Shortness of breath. Chest tightness or pain. Wheezing when exhaling, which is a common sign of asthma in children. Trouble sleeping caused by shortness of breath, coughing or wheezing. Coughing or wheezing attacks that are worsened by a respiratory virus, such as a cold or the flu

4. Medical Nutrition Therapy Maintain Healthy weight Intake of omega 3 and omega 6 – walnuts, tofu, sunflower oil, peanut butter Intake of magnesium Intake anti-oxidant diet – dark chocolate, blueberries, cranberries, kidney beans, spinach, beans, green tea Anti inflammatory diet Intake of vitamin rich food like milk & egg Beta carotene-rich vegetables, such as carrots and leafy greens Magnesium-rich foods , such as spinach and pumpkin seeds

5. What to Avoid Sulfites , which are found in wine and dried fruits Foods that can cause gas , including beans, cabbage, and onions Saturated and trans fat Processed food

6. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible.

7. Sign & Symptoms Chronic cough. Shortness of breath while doing everyday activities (dyspnea) Frequent respiratory infections. Blueness of the lips or fingernail beds (cyanosis) Fatigue. Producing a lot of mucus (also called phlegm or sputum) Wheezing.

8. Medical Nutrition Therapy Adequate Fluid balance Adequate intake of dietary fiber Energy needed Higher Bee required due to malnourished CHO 40- 55% Protein: 1.2 -1.7g/kg (average 1.2g/kg) to avoid protein losses Fat: 30-45% Smoker need more vitamin C (16-32mg) depending on cigarette Intake of magnesium & phosphorous Limit food that promote bloating

9. TUBERCULOSIS Tuberculosis (TB) is  a potentially serious infectious disease that mainly affects the lungs . The bacteria that cause tuberculosis are spread from person to person through tiny droplets released into the air via coughs and sneezes Sign & symptoms Coughing for three or more weeks. Coughing up blood or mucus. Chest pain, or pain with breathing or coughing

10. Medical Nutrition Therapy Malnutrition is common in patients with pulmonary TB, and nutritional supplementation is necessary. Dietary supplementation is recommended until the patient achieves a BMI of 18.5 Energy Current energy recommendations are those for undernourished and catabolic patients, 35 to 40 kcal/kg of ideal body weight . For patients with any concomitant infections such as HIV, energy requirements increase by 20% to 30% to maintain body weight .

11. Protein Protein is vital in preventing muscle tissue wastage and an intake of 15% of energy needs or 1.2 to 1.5 g/kg ideal body weight , approximately 75 to 100 g per day, is recommended. Vitamins and Minerals A multivitamin and mineral supplement that provides 50% to 150% of the RDA is helpful, because TB patients have increased requirements that are impossible to meet with diet alone. Nutrients such as vitamin A, the B vitamins, vitamins C and E, zinc, and selenium are usually deficient in TB patients

12. WHAT TO AVOID Try to skip tobacco in all forms like cigarettes, pipe, shisha and others. Limit alcohol consumption as it adds to the risk of liver damage from treatment drugs used for TB. Limit the intake of coffee and other caffeinated beverages like tea, green tea, cola and energy drinks. Refined products, like sugar, white bread, white rice, butter should be avoided that are used to make Pastries, Cakes, Pizza, Burgers and other junk foods. Avoid high-fat, high cholesterol red meats.