Pulse beetle

Ppt

1. Assingnment on Pluse Beetles Submitted to:- Dr. Swati Mehra Submitted by:- Vishnu Kumar K2015A55BIV

2. Gram dhora :- Callosobruchus chinenesis Family:- Bruchidae, Order:- Coleoptera. Distribution:- India,SriLanka,Myanmar,China,Japan,Indonesia. Host range:- It is main pest of gram,mung,peas,cowpeas,lentil and arhar.

3. Biology:- Eggs laid singly on grains. Fresh eggs are translucent white in color. Larva fleshy,curved,6-7mm.long and creamy white in color with black mouth. Pupation takes place in a pupal cell prepared beneath the seedcoat. Adults are 3-4mm.long with oval shaped body. Brownish grey in colour with dark spots.

4. Life cycle:- The pest breeds from March to November. It hibernates in winter in larval stage. At the end of March adult appear and copulate. A day later female lay eggs. Egggs hatch in7-14 days. Body is pointed towards front. Adults are short lived and it is harmless and do not feed on stored grain.

5. Pupal stage lasts for 4-28 days. The average life-span of an adult is 5-20 days. It completes 7-8 generations in a year. Young larvae bores into the grain and completes its development inside in 10-12 days in August and in 4-5 weeks in November.

6. Damage:- Damage is done by grubs only. Damage is at peak from March to September. Infested grain is often coverd by the traders into flour. It could eat away the entire seed content leaving only shell.

7. Mung dhora:- Callosobruchus analis Family:- Bruchidae, Order:- Coleoptera. Distribution:- It has been recorded from Germany,Myanmar and India. Host range:- Mung,moth,peas,cowpeas and other pulses.

8. Biology:- Both adults and larvae cause damage. Eggs are oval,whitish and glued to grain. Larva is recognized by its creamy-white,oval-shape. Adult is an oval-shaped beetle,smaller than Gram dhora. Female is chocolate color with a black trapezoidal area surrounded by white streaks on three sides. The male is uniformly chocolate with a tinge of straw.

9. Life cycle:- They breeds from March to December. Hibernates in winter in the larval stage. In first week of March, adult escape by cutting out a circular hole in the grain. Soon after copulation takes place and eggs are laid in 72hrs.of mating. Incubation period is changes with temperature,in May 3-6 days and in 18 days in December.

10. The young larva,on emergence,bores into grains. Larval stage is of 2-3 weeks. Fully grown larva pupate inside the grain. Pupal stage is of 1-2 weeks. Life of adult varies from 5-10 days. The insect completes 9-19 generations in a year.

11. Damage:- Maximum damage is done in April to August. The larvae feed and breed inside the grain consuming entire contents. When the infested grain happens to be in a poorly aerated receptacle,a foul smelling fungus also develops.

12. Management of Pulse beetle:- Exposure of grains to sunlight. Dry grain before storage at a moisture level of 7%. Store the pulses in bulk with 7cm.layer of sand. Fumigation with Aluminium phosphide. Coat grain with small quantities of vegetable oil or mix neem leaves in grain.