pumps, its types, performance characteristics

pumps

1. PUMPS PRESENTED BY M. JEEVAN PRASAD Assistant Production Engineer

2. CONTENTS Introduction Parts of Pump Components of Pump Performance characteristics of a Pump Classification of Pumps Selections factors to consider Applications Advantages Disadvantages

3. Performance Characteristics Higher efficiency indicates less wasted energy and lower operating costs. Factors affecting efficiency include pump design, impeller type, and operating conditions. NPSH (Net Positive Suction Head) Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) is a critical parameter that ensures the pump’s suction side doesn’t experience cavitation . It represents the total suction head available , considering factors like fluid properties, suction piping configuration, and atmospheric pressure. Cavitation and Its Effects Cavitation occurs when the fluid pressure drops below the vapour pressure, leading to the formation and collapse of vapour bubbles. Cavitation can cause damage to pump components, decrease efficiency, and result in noise and vibration.

4. Classification of Pumps Pumps are divided into two main categories: Dynamic displacement pumps Centrifugal pump Vertical Centrifugal Pump Horizontal Centrifugal Pump Submersible Pump Fire Hydrant Pump Positive Displacement Pumps Diaphragm Pump Gear pump Piston Pump Lobe Pump Rotary type Screw pump Vane Pump Gear Pump Reciprocating type Diaphragm Pump Piston Pump Air Pumps Compressor pumps Vacuum pumps

5. Selection factors to Consider 1. Flow rate and pressure 2. Fluid type and viscosity 3. Efficiency and energy consumption 4. Noise level and vibration 5. Maintenance and repair Applications: 1. Industrial processes (manufacturing, oil and gas, etc.) 2. Water supply and treatment 3. HVAC and refrigeration 4. Medical devices (blood pumps, ventilators, etc.) 5. Aerospace and defence

6. Centrifugal Pumps These types of pumps are the most commonly used pumps in Industries worldwide. Suitable for large volumes, low pressures These pumps generate high rotational velocities, converting the kinetic energy of liquid to pressure energy. Whenever the pump is in action, then the fluid pressure will increase from the inlet of the pump to its outlet. The change of pressure will drive the liquid throughout the system. It is used where high flow rates and moderate head increase and required. It can handle liquid that contains suspended solids .

7. Centrifugal Pumps Depending on the type of water flow they produce, centrifugal pumps can be divided into three subtypes. The flow pattern is determined by the impeller shape and the pump construction. Axial Flow: The axial flow impeller discharges fluid along the shaft axis. For this reason an axial flow pump is by definition not "centrifugal" in its pumping action. Radial Flow: The radial flow impeller discharges the fluid radially at 90° to the shaft axis. Mixed Flow: The mixed flow impeller discharges fluid in a conical direction using a combined radial and axial pumping action – as suggest by the title.

8. ii. Vertical Centrifugal Pumps Vertical centrifugal pumps are also called as cantilever pumps. Vertical centrifugal pumps are apt when you have a limited surface area. They are perfect for liquids with high temperatures and pressure and have a wide range of applications The open impeller allows continuous pumping of even dirty liquids or media containing small solids.

9. ii. Vertical Centrifugal Pumps Applications: Water supply: water filtration, transporting liquid to water works, pressure boosting of the main line, pressure boosting in high-rise buildings. Industrial: pressure boosting, process flow water system, cleaning system, high-pressure washing system, fire-fighting system, industrial liquid transfer, HVAC, boiler feed water application, condensing system. Water treatment: ultrafiltration system, reverse osmosis system, distillation system, separator, swimming pool. Irrigation: farmland irrigation, spray irrigation, dripping irrigation.

10. Horizontal centrifugal pumps Centrifugal force is an outward force that acts on a rotating object. In the case of horizontal centrifugal pumps, it is generated by the rotation of the impeller. This force causes the fluid to move radially outward from the impeller’s center towards the casing. As the fluid enters the impeller, the impeller blades impart energy and velocity to the fluid, increasing its pressure and velocity. The fluid is then forced into the casing and guided to the discharge point. They are commonly used in water supply and distribution systems, HVAC systems, process industries, irrigation and agriculture, the oil and gas industry, and power generation.

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