Punctuation its types with Uses

Very easy and effective presentation on Punctuation

1. PRESENTATION (ENG 107) SUBMITTED TO: SIR ATIF GHAFOOR

2. Group Members: Usama Ahmad 20014198-004 M.Moiz Rashad 20014198-006 Usama Faisal 20014198-008 Samreen Zainab 20014198-012 Noor Mustafa 20014198-017 Bisma Tariq 20014198-024 Zain Khawar 20014198-038

3. Explain Punctuation DISCUSS ALL FORM OF PUNTUATIONS Its roles/uses W ith examples correct or incorrect form CONTENTS

4. English_Grammar_by_wren_and_martin www.grammarbook.com Grammar.collinsdictionary.com englishsentences.com REFERENCES

5. DEFINE Symbols describing our feelings or emotion is called Punctuation. They are very essential signs to understand a sentence in correct way Source PUNCTUATION M. Moiz Rashad 006

6. DEFINE COLON is basic function is to introduce something. The wording before the colon should introduce whatever follow. One of the easiest forms of Punctuation. Examples: His success is attributed to one thing: determination. COLON : M . Moiz Rashad 006

7. List or ideas incorrect : my favorite countries are: United States of America, Australia, Germany and France . Correct : I have visited many countries: Australia, Thailand, Canada, News land and Germany Explanations E.g. she had many reasons to read for a Bachelor Of S oftware Engineering : to get Additional qualifications, to get a good job and to improve her knowledge Direct quotation E.g. he announced to his friends: “I will be going abroad ”. Emphasis He had only one hobby: eating COLON : (RULES/USES) M . Moiz Rashad 006

8. DEFINE Use a semicolon between two complete sentences. Each sentence on either side of the semicolon must be complete with its own subject and verb. E.g. We have too many fumbles; we lost the game. SEMICOLON ;

9. Semicolons Connect Related Independent Clauses E.g. Some Student write with a word processor; other write with a pen or pencil. Delete the Conjunction When You Use a Semicolon E.g. I saw a magnificent albatross; it was eating a mouse. Use Semicolons in transitional phrase E.g. Ali is not at home; therefore, his brother will attend the guest. SEMICOLON ; ( RULES/USES ) M . Moiz Rashad 006

10. DEFINE Dashes  are used to separate groups of words, not to separate parts of words like a hyphen does. Examples : Hyphen: Pre-medical Dash : There may be a landslide -you never know . DASHES – — Usama Faisal 008

11. TYPES OF DASHES En Dashes – Em Dashes — DASHES TYPES Usama Faisal 008

12. Size: N Range of numbers E.g. Tonight, read page 23–57. Connections and conflicts E.g. She travelled from America-Europe. Periods of time E.g . The opening hours are 9:00am-3:00pm. EN DESHES – ( RULES/USES) Usama Faisal 008

13. Size: M Commas, Parentheses E.g. Commas: you are the friend, the only friend, who offered to help me . Parentheses: you are the friend (the only friend) who offered to help me . Em Dashes : you are the friend-the only friend-who offered to help me . Colons E.g. Colon: she is scared of two things: heights and spiders. Em Dashes: she is scared of two things-heights and spiders. Semicolons E.g. Semicolons: Do this; don’t do that. Em Dashes: Do this — don’t do that . (but not always) EM DASHES — (USES) Usama Faisal 008

14. Define A   P eriod  (called a "full stop ") is a  P unctuation  mark used: At the end of a declarative sentence (i.e., a sentence that makes statement). Examples: For example: Ali likes pies . Period/FULL STOP . Noor Mustafa 017

15. Use a period at the end of a complete sentence that is a statement . E.g.  I know him well . If the last item in the sentence is an abbreviation that ends in a period, do not follow it with another period . E.g. Incorrect :  This is Alice Smith, M.D.. Correct :  This is Alice Smith, M.D. PERIOD . RULES/USES Noor Mustafa 017

16. DEFINE a short line (-) used to connect the parts of a compound word or the parts of a word divided for any purpose . Examples truck-driver. ice-cream. year-end. sign-in. HYPHEN - Noor Mustafa 017

17. Hyphens are typically used when writing Compound modifiers E.g. he is an awkward-looking guy. Compound nouns E.g. this is a great set-up you’ve got here. Non-inclusive numbers E.g. 867-5309 HYPHEN - ( RULES/USES ) Noor Mustafa 017

18. DEFINE Parentheses show additional thoughts about a statement. Examples: The two brothers (Richard and Sean) were learning how to play guitar. The are several books on the subject (see page 140). PARANTHESIS () Usama Ahmad 004

19. T o enclose information that clarifies or is used as an aside . E.g. He gave me a nice bonus ($500). Periods go inside parentheses only if an entire sentence is inside the parentheses E.g. Please read the analysis. (You'll be amazed .) Take care to punctuate correctly when punctuation is required both inside and outside parentheses . E.g. You are late (aren't you ?). Parentheses , despite appearances, are not part of the subject . E.g. Joe (and his trusty mutt)  was  always welcome. PARANTHESES () Rules Usama Ahmad 004

20. Define Square Brackets are used to enclose explanatory or missing […] material, especially in quoted text. Examples: ‘ I appreciate it [the offer], but I cannot accept it ’ Square Brackets [] Zain Khawar 038

21. To add clarification: E.g . the witness said: “he [the policeman ] hit me ”. To add missing words: E.g. it is [a] good question. To add editorial or authorial comment: E.g. They will not be present [my emphasis]. SQUARE BRACKETS [] RULES/USES Zain Khawar 038

22. DEFINE That usually indicates an international omission of a word, sentences, or whole section from a text without altering its original meaning but on other hand its also used for division sign. Examples Each guest must present his or her ticket prior to entry. Each guest must present his/her ticket prior to entry. SLASHES / Samreen Zainab 012

23. A slash is often used to indicate “or”: E.g. please press your browser’s Refresh/Reload button. (Refresh or Reload) Use a slash for fractions: E.g. 2/3 (two thirds) Use a slash to indicate “per” in measurement of speed, prices etc.: E.g. T he speed limit is 100 km/h. (kilometers per hour) A slash is often used in dates to separate day, mouth and year: E.g. One credit card: Expires end 10/15 (October 2015) SLASHES / RULES/USES Samreen Zainab 012

24. Define The exclamation mark (!) or exclamation point is a punctuation mark used to express strong feelings or emotions Examples “Stop!” ; “Sit down !” “Hey!” he shouted at the passerby. EXCLAMATION ! Samreen Zainab 012

25.   P oint to show emotion, emphasis, or surprise . E.g. I'm truly shocked by your behavior!  An exclamation point replaces a period at the end of a sentence. E.g. Incorrect :  I'm truly shocked by your behavior!. Correct :  I'm truly shocked by your behavior! EXCLAMATION ! RULES/USES Samreen Zainab 012

26. Define A  question mark  (?) is a  punctuation  symbol placed at the end of a sentence or phrase to indicate a direct  question Examples She asked, "Are you happy to be home?"  QUESTION MARK ? Bisma Tariq 024

27. Use a question mark only after a direct question. Correct:  Will you go with me? Incorrect:  I'm asking if you will go with me? A question mark replaces a period at the end of a sentence. Incorrect:  Will you go with me?. Correct:  Will you go with me? with Joe? with anyone? Avoid the common trap of using question marks with indirect questions, which are statements that contain questions. Incorrect:  I wonder if he would go with me? Correct: I wonder if he would go with me. QUESTION MARK ? RULES/USES Bisma Tariq 024

28. Some sentences are statements—or demands—in the form of a question. . E.g. Why don't you take a break. Would you kids knock it off. Use a question mark when a sentence is half statement and half question. E.g.:  You do care, don't you? QUESTION MARK ? RULES/USES

29. Define To create contractions, and to create the possessive form of a noun Examples: Jan doesn ’ t want to do homework. → Contraction (does+not) I can ’ t go to the mall tonight.→  Contraction (can+not) APOSTROPHE Bisma Tariq 024

30. Use the apostrophe to show possession. E.g. I am going to my friend’s house .  Never use an apostrophe to make a name plural. Incorrect:  The Wilson's are here. Correct:  The Wilsons are here. If two people possess the same item, put the apostrophe + s after the second name only. Incorrect:  Mine and Maribel's home Correct:  Maribel's and my home In cases of separate rather than joint possession, use the possessive form for both. E.g. Richard's and Maribel's homes are both lovely. Use an apostrophe with contractions. The apostrophe is placed where a letter or letters have been removed E.g.  doesn't, it's, 'tis, can't, you'd, should've, rock 'n' roll, etc. APOSTROPHE ’ RULES/USES Bisma Tariq 024