purification of liquid gas vapourisation

purification process technology

1. DESIGN AND ANALYTICAL INVESTIGATIONS ON THE METAL HYDRIDE BASED HYDROGEN PURIFICATION SYSTEM Presented By: Jinto Francis PB. M220643ME Energy Engg . and Management Under the guidance of: Dr. Vinod Kumar Sharma Asst. Professor Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Zeroth Presentation Dept. of Mech. Engg . NIT Calicut 1

2. INTRODUCTION Fuel Cell is good method for conversion of hydrogen energy to useful form. It has high conversion efficiency more than 60%. For Fuel Cell, following purity standard is required for H2 as per ISO 14687-2019. Fig. 1 Fuel cell (Source: www.electric - engineering pics.com) Table .1 purity standard as per ISO 14687 - 2019 Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 2 H2 purity (mole fraction) CO2 CO CH4 N2 99.97% 2ppm 0.2ppm 100 ppm 300ppm

3. Influence of impurity on the operation of FC Table 2 effect of impurity on H2 during the operation of FC Various hydrogen production process Table 3 H2 & impurity content of various hydrogen production process Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 3 Impurity content Effect of impurity HC It reduces catalytic performance of FC CO It makes irreversible damage to FC CO2 It may be converted to CO during FC operation N2 It causes to H2 diluting H2 production process H2(%) CO (%) CO2(%) CH4(%) N2(%) Coal gasification 30 40 20 0.2 0.7 Methanol reforming 77 1 22 - - Coke oven gas 55 7 4 27 3 Biomass gasification 30 35 12 15 1 Bio hydrogen 60 10 25 5 -

4. Purification process It is a process of removing the contaminate gas substant and collect pure hydrogen from raw gas Table 4. various purification hydrogen purification process Advantage of MH purification High Purity hydrogen can produce at room temperature with higher recovery rate. Dept. of Mech. Engg . NIT Calicut 4   Pressure swing Adsorption (PSA) Membrane separation Metal hydride Cryogenic separation Quantity Large scale Small scale Small scale Large scale Purity (%) 99.99 99.9999 99.9999 99.98 CO (ppm) 1.4 1.0 < 0.2 CO will be present Recovery rate < 76 % < 90% < 95% Disadvantage of process High cost & large floor area required High cost & each membrane for each impurity, high operating temperature Absorption temperature is low, energy required for maintaining the low temperature. High cost, very low operation temperature

5. Principle of MH purification Stage I Hydrogen absorption process Exothermic LaNi5 + 3H2+ impurity → LaNi5H6 + impurity (Metals) (raw gas) (MH (solid)) (gas) Stage II Venting the impurity gas Stage III Hydrogen desorption process endothermic LaNi5H6 → LaNi5 + 3H2 (MH (solid)) (Metals) (gas) Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 5 Fig.2 Hydrogen purification principle a) Hydrogen absorption process b) hydrogen desorption process

6. LITERATURE REVIEW Sl No Journal/ Year Author/Title Inference 1 Thermal science and engineering progress (2023) J. Sunku Prasad, P. Muthukumar : Design of metal hydride reactor for medium temperature thermochemical energy storage applications Mg2Ni is the alloy metal and has high operation temperature. Kinetics can be controlled by thermal management for that internal fin can be provided. 2 Catalysts (2021) Zhemin Du , Congmin Liu, Junxiang Zhai, Xiuying Guo, Yalin Xiong , Wei Su and Guangli He, A Review of Hydrogen Purification Technologies for Fuel Cell Vehicles Presents of CO in H2, will cause for damage of FC. MH is suitable for separation of H2 from inert gas near room temperature. Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 6

7. Sl No Journal/ Year Author/Title Inference 3 International journal of hydrogen energy (2018) P. Muthukumar , Alok Kumar, Nithin N. Raju, K. Malleswararao , Muhammad M. Rahman A critical review on design aspects and developmental status of metal hydride based thermal machines PCI characteristics and van't Hoff plot. MH purification material 4 Journal of cleaner production (2022) Zhen Wu a, Leilei Guo, Jing Yao, Pengfei Zhu, Huan Wang , Shenghui Gao, Yikun Yang , Fusheng Yang , Hongli Yan , Zaoxiao Zhang Absorption of poisoned hydrogen from metal hydride under CO+H2 mixture gas for the production of clean, high purity hydrogen GC (contraction volume) model for desorption JMA (nucleation-growth-impingement (NGI)) model for absorption. La Ni4.25Al0.75 material used. Study of poison affect is carried out at 0.1% of CO and found optimum tem was 383K. 5 International journal of hydrogen energy (2012) Dmitry Dunikov , Vasily Borzenko , Stanislav Malyshenko Influence of impurities on hydrogen absorption in a metal hydride reactor. 27% N2 as a impurity, H2 loss less than 5%, flow-through technique (D type reactor) can be feasible and high hydrogen recovery rates could be reached.MH can be used preferably at low concentration of impurities Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 7

8. Sl No Journal/ Year Author/Title Inference 6 Chemical engineering journal (2023) Leilei Guo, Zhen Wu, Huan Wang, Hongli Yan, Fusheng Yang, Guangxu Cheng, Zaoxiao Zhang Efficient hydrogen recovery and purification from industrial waste hydrogen to high-purity hydrogen based on metal hydride powder JMA (nucleation-growth-impingement (NGI)) model for absorption. La Ni4.25Al0.75 material used. the impurity CO2 is treated as an inert gas. water–gas shift reaction, could easily reduce the CO concentration below 0.1 vol%. MH reactor with the reactor length of 300 mm and the reactor radius of 40 mm is the optimum when the amount of hydrogen treated in the reactor is less than 5 m3 ⋅h− 1. t the optimum cooling water temperature of 373 K. k of bed not much influence on kinematics. 7 Journal of energy storage (2022). R. Sreeraj , A.K. Aadhithiya , S. Anbarasu Integration of thermal augmentation methods in hydride beds for metal hydride based hydrogen storage systems: Review and recommendation an expansion ratio >1.2 can appear in AB5 alloys; thus, a 40 % packing fraction can be considered a safe limit for alloy filling. The stress accumulation in horizontal reactors is comparatively less compared to vertical reactors. Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 8

9. Sl No Journal/ Year Author/Title Inference 8 Applied Thermal Engineering 219 (2023) Martin George, G. Mohan Constructal design of weight optimized metal hydride storage device embedded with ribbed honeycomb An optimized constructal network of high conductivity form embedded within the device can achieve given charging performance with the minimum total weight. Constructional cost increase 9 international journal of hydrogen energy 46 (2021) Mahvash Afzal, Pratibha Sharma Design and computational analysis of a metal hydride hydrogen storage system with hexagonal honeycomb based heat transfer enhancements part A LaNi4.7al0.3, for TM radial hexagonal honeycomb fins are used Various parameters are changing reactor performance has been studied. 10 Energy Research (2020) Sanjay Gupta, Vinod kumar sharma Design and analysis of metal hydride reactor embedded with internal copper fins and external water cooling Alloy used LaNi4.7Al0.3 Longitudinal straight redial fin for thermal management, optimise to 12 No of fins Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 9

10. Sl No Journal/ Year Author/Title Inference 11 Energy (2021) Xiao-Shuai Bai, Wei-Wei Yang, Xin-Yuan Tang, Fu-Sheng Yang, Yu-Hang Jiao, Yu Yang Optimization of tree-shaped fin structures towards enhanced absorption performance of metal hydride hydrogen storage device: A numerical study alloy used La Ni5 for TM longitudinal tree type fins are used 12 International journal of hydrogen energy (2016) Jinsheng Xiao, Liang Tong, Tianqi Yang, Pierre Benard, Richard Chahine Lumped parameter simulation of hydrogen storage and purification systems using metal hydrides Mathematical formulae & governing equation 13 International journal of hydrogen energy (2019) .N. Kazakov, I.A. Romanov, S.V. Mitrokhin, E.A. Kiseleva Experimental investigations of AB5-type alloys for hydrogen separation from biological gas streams LaNi4.4Fe0.3Al0.3 and LaNi4.6Mn0.2Al0.2 alloy was used; both have low plateau pressure of 15kPa at room temperature of 298k. 14 Mat. Res. Bull. Vol. 13, 1978. Pergamon Press Marshall H. Mendelsohn and Dieter M. Gruen The effect on hydrogen decomposition pressures of group IIIa and Iva element substitutions for Ni in LaNi 5 alloys Low plateau pressure alloy LaNi4.6Sn0.4, alloy parameter can be estimated Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 10

11. Take away H2 for FC has to maintain CO <0.2ppm, H2 purity should be 99.97%, CO2 should be minimum. Absorption is carried out at low temperature with high pressure, generated heat to be dissipated from MH bed for maintain low temperature. Raw H2 should be pretreated to minimum % CO (volume fraction) for reducing poisoning affect to purification agent (metal alloy/ MH). CO2 is inert to MH; it acts as shield from the sorption reaction. Partial pressure of H2 will be reduced to low as near 15kPa, low pressure alloy to be selected for maximum hydrogen recovery. Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 11 Research Gap Need to Select material/ alloy, which has less plateau pressure. Very limited studies have been carried out in purification of hydrogen using MH specially in I ndia. Practical reactor for purification has not simulated & optimized .

12. Take away H2 for FC has to maintain CO <0.2ppm, H2 purity should be 99.97%, CO2 should be minimum. Absorption is carried out at low temperature with high pressure, generated heat to be dissipated from MH bed for maintain low temperature. Raw H2 should be pretreated to minimum % CO (volume fraction) for reducing poisoning affect to purification agent (metal alloy/ MH). CO2 is inert to MH; it acts as shield from the sorption reaction. Partial pressure of H2 will be reduced to low as near 15kPa, low pressure alloy to be selected for maximum hydrogen recovery. Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 12 Research Gap Need to Select material/ alloy, which has less plateau pressure. Very limited studies have been carried out in purification of hydrogen using MH specially in I ndia. Practical reactor for purification has not simulated & optimized .

13. OBJECTIVES OF THE WORK To design and analytical investigations on the Metal hydride based Hydrogen purification system Need to select Metal hydride, suitable for hydrogen purification reactor . Need to Design and analysis of hydrogen purification reactor with following aspects Thermal management system Reaction kinetics management Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 13

14. Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 14 Design & analysis of Hydrogen Purification system D esign & optimisation of Reactor a) Selection of reactor from different configuration b) S imulate the performance of selected reactor S election & synthesis of Alloy material a) M aterial selection from different AB5 alloys with different combination b) Select best mathematical model c) Experiment conduct on selected material d) Mathematical model validate with experimental data Raw gas mixture data Purification system analysis METHODOLOGY Expected outcome

15. SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM Fig. 4 Hydrogen purification system. Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 15 Venting out the impurity gas

16. Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 16 WORK PLAN ACTIVITY Jul 23 Aug 23 Sep 23 Oct 23 Nov 23 Dec 23 Jan 24 Feb 24 Mar 24 Apr 24 May 24 Selection of reactor from different configuration S imulate the performance of selected reactor M aterial selection from different AB5 alloys with different combination Select best mathematical model Experiment conduct on selected material Mathematical model validate with experimental data Purification system analysis Conference, Publication and Report preparation

17. Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 17

18. Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 18

19. EXPECTED OUTCOMES: Development of the metal hydride based hydrogen purification system . Methodology for selection of material. Publications in SCI indexed journal / conferences. Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 19

20. References: J. Sunku Prasad, P. Muthukumar : Design of metal hydride reactor for medium temperature thermochemical energy storage applications . Thermal science and engineering progress 2023 Zhemin Du, Congmin Liu Junxiang Zhai, Xiuying Guo, Yalin Xiong, Wei Su , Guangli He A Review of Hydrogen Purification Technologies for Fuel Cell Vehicles . Catalysts 2021 P. Muthukumar , Alok Kumar, Nithin N. Raju, K. Malleswararao , Muhammad M. Rahman A critical review on design aspects and developmental status of metal hydride based thermal machines International journal of hydrogen energy 2018 . Zhen Wu a, Leilei Guo, Jing Yao, Pengfei Zhu, Huan Wang , Shenghui Gao, Yikun Yang , Fusheng Yang , Hongli Yan , Zaoxiao Zhang Absorption of poisoned hydrogen from metal hydride under CO+H2 mixture gas for the production of clean, high purity hydrogen Journal of cleaner production 2022 Dmitry Dunikov , Vasily Borzenko , Stanislav Malyshenko Influence of impurities on hydrogen absorption in a metal hydride reactor. International journal of hydrogen energy 2012. R. Sreeraj , A.K. Aadhithiya , S. Anbarasu Integration of thermal augmentation methods in hydride beds for metal hydride based hydrogen storage systems: Review and recommendation . Journal of energy storage 2023 Leilei Guo, Zhen Wu, Huan Wang, Hongli Yan, Fusheng Yang, Guangxu Cheng, Zaoxiao Zhang Efficient hydrogen recovery and purification from industrial waste hydrogen to high-purity hydrogen based on metal hydride powder Chemical engineering journal 2023 Dept. of Mech. Engg. NIT Calicut 20

21. Martin George, G. Mohan Constructal design of weight optimized metal hydride storage device embedded with ribbed honeycomb Applied Thermal Engineering 219 (2023) Mahvash Afzal, Pratibha Sharma Design and computational analysis of a metal hydride hydrogen storage system with hexagonal honeycomb based heat transfer enhancements part A international journal of hydrogen energy 46 (2021) Xiao-Shuai Bai, Wei-Wei Yang, Xin-Yuan Tang, Fu-Sheng Yang, Yu-Hang Jiao, Yu Yang Optimization of tree-shaped fin structures towards enhanced absorption performance of metal hydride hydrogen storage device: A numerical study Energy 2021 Sanjay Gupta, Vinod kumar sharma Design and analysis of metal hydride reactor embedded with internal copper fins and external water cooling Energy 2020 Jinsheng Xiao, Liang Tong, Tianqi Yang, Pierre Benard, Richard Chahine Lumped parameter simulation of hydrogen storage and purification systems using metal hydrides .  international journal of hydrogen energy 46 (2016) . A.N. Kazakov, I.A. Romanov, S.V. Mitrokhin, E.A. Kiseleva Experimental investigations of AB5-type alloys for hydrogen separation from biological gas streams international journal of hydrogen energy (2019) Marshall H. Mendelsohn and Dieter M. Gruen the effect on hydrogen decomposition pressures of group iiia and iva element substitutions for Ni in L aNi5 alloys Mat. Res. Bull. Vol. 13, 1978. Pergamon Press Dept. of Mech. Engg . NIT Calicut 21