Pyrolysis .

Pyrolysis, types of pyrolysis ,advantages and disadvantages, different components obtained from pyrolysis.

1. H.R.PATIL PALB8239

2. Pyrolysis Pyrolysis is a thermo chemical decomposition of organic material in to liquid, gases and char(solid residue)at elevated temperature in the absence of oxygen(or any halogen).

3. WHAT IS PYROLYSIS? Pyrolysis does not involve reactions with oxygen, water, or any other reagents. In practice, it is not possible to achieve a completely oxygen-free atmosphere. Because some oxygen is present in any pyrolysis system, a small amount of oxidation occurs.

4. What Is Pyrolysis ?

5. What Is Pyrolysis ?

6. Products Of Pyrolysis Bio Oil Bio Char Syn Gas

7. Materials used?? Biomass ;- is an organic material produced directly from plants & animals or indirectly from industrial,commercial,domestic or agricultural products. Agricultural waste :- crop & vegetabl residuals(rice husk, straw) livestock :- butchery waste, bone material, dead animals. forestry :- forest residue, processing waste,sawdust . Fishery :- processing waste, fishbone meal,dead fish. Industrial & house hold organic residuals :- sewage sludge, waste food etc.

8. Types of pyrolysis 1. Slow pyrolysis 2. Fast pyrolysis Dry Pyrolysis Oxydizing Pyrolysis

9. Slow pyrolysis Slow biomass heating rates→low temperatures→lengthy gas and solids residence times. Temperature :- around 500˚C. Main product :- bio-char.

10. Fast pyrolysis Yield 60% bio-oil. Takes only seconds to complete the pyrolyses . Very high heating and heat transfer rates,which require a finely ground feed. Residence time of pyrolysis vapours in the reactor less than 1 sec. Quenching (rapid cooling) of the pyrolysis vapours to give the bio-oil product. Calorific value :- 3500kcal.

11. Dry Pyrolysis Process of thermal decomposition without access of oxygen (O₂) Product of dry pyrolysis are gas with high heat of combustion, liquid and solid carbon residue. Type of dry pyrolysis depend on the temperature of the process

12. Oxidizing Pyrolysis It’s impossible to achieve a completely oxygen-free atmosphere. Thus, a small amount of oxidation occurs. If volatile or semi-volatile materials are present in the waste, thermal desorption will also occur.

13. Thermal decomposition of industrial waste by its partial burning or direct contact with end product of fuel combustion This method is used for neutralization of most wastes including “inconvenient” ones for burning

14. Rice Husk The outermost layer of the paddy grain is the rice husk, also called rice hull. Still often considered as a waste product in the rice mill & therefore often either burned in the open or dumped on wasteland. Rice husk has high calorific value and often can be used as a renewable fuel.

15. Process of Rice Husk Pyrolysis

16. Process moisture free rice husk sample was taken in to a perforated holder and was introduced in to the tube furnace. The furnace was made air tight & heated electrically. Reactor temperature was recorded using a digital thermometer. Pyrolyses were performed under vaccum .(710-720mm Hg).

17. A centrifugal pump was set to create & maintain the vaccum inside the pyrolyser . Temperature of pyrolyser was varied within 400-650°C. The mixture of liquid & gas was allowed to come out through vaccum line & set at one side of the pyrolyser . The fluid from the pyrolyser was condensed in a series of ice cooled condenser & bio-oil was obtained.

18. Uncondensed gas was blown off. The solid bio-char was collected from the pyrolyser as residue at the end of each batch of pyrolysis .

19. Advantages of pyrolysis Simple. Low cost technology. Capable of processing a wide variety of feedstock's producing gases,biooil , biochemical & charcoal. Reduces greenhouse gas emissions and waste going to landfill .

20. Produces a marketable product (electricity). Low risk of water pollution . Low risk of odours . High recovery rate of resources . Minimal risk of health consequences . Commercially proven technology .

21. Disadvantages Technology is still evolving. Market are yet to be developed for char product and pyrolysis liquid.

22. Bio-oil ( Pyrolysis Oil) dark brown liquid has a similar composition to biomass. much higher density than woody materials which reduces storage and transport costs. Boilers Furnaces Hot Water Generators Hot Air Generators Thermic Fluid Heater Electric Generators (mixed with 50% diesel) Diesel Pumps(mixed with 50% diesel)

23. Biochar The growing concerns about climate change have brought biochar into limelight. Combustion and decomposition of woody biomass and agricultural residues results in the emission of a large amount of carbon dioxide.Biochar can store this CO2 in the soil leading to reduction in GHGs emission and enhancement of soil fertility. can increase the available nutrients for plant growth, water retention and reduce the amount of fertilizer by preventing the leaching of nutrients out of the soil. reduces methane and nitrous oxide emissions from soil, thus further reducing GHGs emissions. can be utilized in many applications as a replacement for other biomass energy systems. can be used as a soil amendment to increase plant growth yield.

24. Syngas made up of carbon monoxide, and hydrogen (85%) with smaller amounts of carbon dioxide and methane. has a high calorific value so it can be used as a fuel to generate electricity or steam. may also be used as a basic chemical in the petrochemical industry. has less than half the energy density of natural gas.

25. conclusion pyrolysis has been attracting much attention due to its high efficiency and good environmental performance characteristics. It also provides an opportunity for the processing of agricultural residues,wood wastes and municipal solid waste into clean energy. In addition,biochar sequestration could make a big difference in the fossil fuel emissions worldwide and act as a major player in the global carbonmarket with its robust, clean and simple production technology.