Quaid e azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah .pdf pp

Quaid Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah Biography.

1. QUAID-E-AZAM MUHAMMAD ALI JINNAH
(1876-1948)

2. QUAID-E-AZAM MUHAMMAD ALI JINNAH (1876-1948)
Quaid-e-AzamMuhammadAliJinnahwasthe
founderofPakistan.
HewasanoutstandingBarrister-at-Lawand
successfullyusedhislegalskillstocarveouta
sovereignindependentMuslimstateonthebasis
ofTwo-NationTheory.
Hisloftycalibercanbejudgedfromthefactthat
hesinglehandedfacedthecleverpolitical
maneuveringoftheBritishandtheHinduleaders
e.g.,Gandhi,NehruandPatelandmadethe
partitionoftheSub-Continentareality

3. EARLY LIFE
Jinnahwasbornon25thDecember,1876inanoblefamilyof
Karachi.
HisfatherJinnahPoonjahwasarichmerchantofthecity.
AfterpassinghisbasiceducationfromKarachiyoungJinnah
wenttoEnglandandobtainedadegreeinLawfromthe
Lincoln’sInn.
Duringhisfour-yearstayinEnglandhewasgreatlyimpressedby
Dadabhaiandtookpartinhiselectioncampaignfor
membershiptotheHouseofCommons.
ThushelearnthispoliticallessoninEngland.
In1896, hereturnedtohishomelandandstartedpracticinglaw
inBombay.Soonheestablishedhimselfasoneoftheleading
barristersofthecountry.Shortlyafterwardsheworkedasthe
PresidencyMagistrateofBombay.

4. ENTRY INTO POLITICS
Jinnah’spoliticalcareerstartedin1905whenhejoined
IndianNationalCongressandforsometimesworkedas
SecretaryofDadabhaiNaoroji.
Howeverduringthe“IttehadConference”ofHindusand
MuslimsheldatAllahabadin1911hewasconvinced
thatMuslimCommunityhaditsownpeculiarproblems.
ThushejoinedAll-IndiaMuslimLeaguein1913.
Afterthathecommencedhiseffortstobringabouta
rapprochementbetweentheHindusandtheMuslims.
Inthisregardhiseffortsborefruitin1916whenboth
theMuslimLeagueandCongressheldtheirannual
sessionsinLucknowPactorCongressLeagueScheme.

5. CONT’D
ForthissuccessJinnahwasgiventhetitleof
“AmbassadorofHinduMuslimUnity”.
HoweveraftertheFirstWorldWarheleftthe
Congressin1920whenitsNagpursession
ignoredhisCouncilandlaunchedtheNon
cooperationMovement.
Asaresulthedevotedhisfullenergiestothe
progressoftheMuslimsfromtheplatformof
theMuslimLeague.

6. AMBASSADOR OF HINDU -MUSLIM UNITY
TheLucknowpactwasabrightchapterin
thedarkandgloomytimeofIndianpolitics.
Lucknow pactcreatedapolitical
homogeneitybetweenthetwonationsand
Quaid-e -Azamwasconferredwithaproud
titleofAmbassadorofHindu- Muslimunity.

7. IQBAL'S INFLUENCE
Jinnah changed his thinking & dressing
Changed his belief about the Hindus
Started working for the Muslims only
Accepted ‘Pakistan’ as the only solution

8. ORGANIZATION OF MUSLIM LEAGUE:
In1929, JinnahpresentedhisfamousFourteenPoints
whichwereareplytotheNehruReportandconstituted
theminimumMuslimdemands.
Ayearlaterin1930hewenttoEnglandandattendedthe
threeRoundTableConferences(London)whichwere
organizebytheBritishGovernmenttoresolvethe
communalissueofIndia.
DuringtheconferencesJinnahwasgreatlydisappointedby
thedisunityamongtheMuslimleadership.Asaresult
aftertheconferencehedidnotreturntoIndiaandsettled
inEngland.
Hisself-imposedexilecontinuedtill1934whenLiaqatAli
KhanwenttoEnglandandconvincedhimthatthe
MuslimsofIndianeededhisservices.

9. CONT’D
ThusMuhammadAliJinnahreturnedtoIndiaand
launchedfresheffortstoorganizetheMuslimLeague.
HetouredIndiaandestablishedLeague’sbranchesinall
importantcities. Inthemeantime,fromJuly1937 to
October1939, thedictatorialruleofCongressMinistries
unfoldedanti-MuslimdesignsoftheHindus.
Consequently,theMuslimsofIndiaflockedunderthe
leadershipofJinnahanddecidedtostriveforasovereign
independentMuslimstate.
ThisMuslimdemandfounditsmanifestationintheLahore
ResolutionwhichwaspassedbytheMuslimLeagueinits
annualsessionheldinLahoreon23rdMarch,1940.

10. TWO-NATION THEORY:
Theperiodfrom1940to1947provedverydecisiveinthe
historyoftheSub-ContinentbecausetheMuslimsofIndia
madePakistanthegoaloftheirpoliticalstruggle.
TheMuslimdemandofaseparatehomelandwasbasedon
theTwo-NationTheorywhichwasskillfullyprojectedby
Quaid-e -Azam.
In1944,duringhistalkswithGandhiheclearlyannounced:
WemaintainandholdthatMuslimsandHindusaretwo
majornationsbyanydefinitionortestofanation.
Weareanationofahundredmillionandwhatismorewe
areanationwithourowndistinctivecultureandcivilization,
languageandliterature,artandarchitecture,senseof
valuesandproportion,legallawsandmoralcodes,customs
andcalendar,historyandtraditions,aptitudesand
ambitions.

11. ESTABLISHMENT OF PAKISTAN:
TheconceptofPakistancaughttheimaginationofthe
MuslimsIndiawhichwasdemonstratedinthe1945-1946
generalelections.
IntheseelectionsMuslimLeaguewonalmostalltheMuslim
seatsinthecentralandprovinciallegislatures.Thus
Gandhi’sclaimthatCongressrepresentedallIndianswas
shatteredforever.
TheBritishtoowereconvincedthattheHindusandMuslims
weretwogreatnationsandthusthepartitionoftheSub-
Continentwasinevitable.
Consequently,on20thFebruary,1947,LordAttleethe
BritishPrimeMinisterdeclaredthat:
HisMajesty’sgovernmentwishestomakeitclearthatitistheir
intentiontotakenecessarystepstoeffectthetransferofpower
toresponsibleIndianhandsbyadatenotlaterthanJune
1948.

12. CONT’D
InordertogivepracticalshapetothisstatementLord
MountbattenwassentasthelastBritishViceroytoIndia
toarrangeforthetransferofpowertotheIndians.
LordMountbattenformulatedthe3rdJune,1947Plan
according,towhichtheSub-Continentwaspartitioned
intoIndiaandPakistanon14thAugust,1947.
Quaid-e-Azam,thefounderofPakistanwaselectedas
thefirstGovernor-GeneralofthenewMuslimstate.After
theestablishmentofPakistanQuaid-e-Azamfacedmany
difficultiesandhadtoworkdayandnight.
Asaresulthishealthbrokedownunderconstant
pressureandheleftthisworldon11thSeptember,
1948.

13. CONT’D
AccordingtoSuratChandraBose(MyBrother
(1987),biographybyFatimaJinnah.)
MrJinnah,wasgreatasalawyer,oncegreatasa
Congressman,greatasaleaderofMuslims,greatas
aworldpoliticiananddiplomat,andgreatestofall
asamanofaction,ByMr.Jinnah'spassingaway,
theworldhaslostoneofthegreateststatesmenand
Pakistanitslife-giver,philosopherandguide.
IntheviewsofLordPethickLawrence(MyBrother
(1987),biographybyFatimaJinnah.)
Gandhidiedbythehandsofanassassin;Jinnah
diedbyhisdevotiontoPakistan

14. CHARACTER OF QUAID-E-AZAM:
Quaid-e-AzamMuhammadAliJinnahwasastaunchMuslimanda
manofprinciple.Hewasveryhonest,fairanddedicatedstatesman.
BasicallyhewasanoutstandingBarrister-at-Lawandinthiscapacity
believedinadoptinglegalmethodsfortheachievementofpolitical
aims.
That’swhythroughouthislongpoliticalcareerheneverrestoredto
unlawfulmeasuresandwasneversenttojail.
OntheotherhandHinduleaderslikeGandhi,NehruandAzadspent
mostoftheirtimebehindthebars.Jinnahskillfullyprojectedthe
conceptofTwo-NationTheoryandthroughthesloganofPakistan
capturedtheimaginationofalltheIndianMuslims.
Hewasagreatleaderwithatoweringpersonalitywhichimpressed
bothhisfriendsandopponents.Theentirehistorianhaspraisedhis
character,conductandachievements.

15. CONT’D
AccordingtooneofhisclientnamedDiwan
ChamanLal,
Jinnah’sintegritywasbeyonddoubt.
IntheviewsofV.A.Smith:
TheideologyofIqbal,thevisionsofRehmatAli
andthefearsofMuslimswerethusunitedbythe
practicalgeniusofJinnahtobindMuslim
togetherasneverbeforeduringtheBritishperiod
andleadtoeffectanactofpoliticalcreation.

16. CONTRIBUTION
Quaid-i-AzamMohammadAliJinnah,thevoiceofone
hundredmillionMuslims,foughtfortheirreligious,
socialandeconomicfreedom.
Throughouthistorynosinglemanyieldedasmuch
powerastheQuaid-i-Azam,andyetremained
uncorruptedbythatpower.
Notmanymeninhistorycanboastofcreatinganation
singlehandedlyandalteringthemapoftheworldbut
Jinnahdidsoandthusbecamealegend.
StanleyWolperthaspaidatributetoJinnahina
befittingmanner:
"Fewindividualssignificantlyalterthecourseofhistory.
Fewerstillmodifythemapoftheworld.Hardlyanyone
canbecreditedwithcreatinganation-state.
MohammadAliJinnahdidallthree.”

17. HIS ROLE AFTER FORMATION OF THE COUNTRY
Quaid-i-AzambecamefirstGovernorGeneralofthe
nascentstateofPakistanonAugust15,1947.
Thenewresponsibilitywaslikebedofthronesforhim.
Thenewcountrywasfacedwithlotofproblemslike
refugeerehabilitation,issueofprincelystates,non-
availabilityofaworkablesystemforrunningaffairsof
theState,farmingofnewconstitutionandfinancial
strainsetc.
Quaid-i-Azamtackledtheseproblemsboldlyandwith
failinghealthinsuchamannerthatitsparallelcannot
befoundrarelyinhistoryoftheworld.

18. CONT’D
ThenascentstateofPakistanwasengulfedwith
shortageoffundsandrequirementsoftheStateashe
toldBegumShahNawaz“onlytwentycroresofrupeesin
thetreasuryandnearlyrupeesfortycroresofbillslying
onthetable.
Besideappealingforfunds,heintroducedanoteof
simplicityandausterityintotheconductofoffices.

19. CONT’D
Quaid-i -Azamwasfullyawareoftheroleofofficialstaking
interestinpoliticsarebeingdraggedtoservepoliticalends.
InhistalktoGovernmentOfficersatPeshawaron15April
1948,heemphasized,
“youshouldhavenohandinsupportingthispoliticalpartyor
thatpoliticalparty,thispoliticalleaderorthatpoliticalleader—
thisisnotyourbusiness…. Yourdutyisnotonlytoservethat
governmentloyallyandfaithfully,but,atthesametime,
fearlessly,maintainingyourhighreputation,yourprestige,your
honourandtheintegrityofyourservice.

20. CONT’D
Quaid-i-Azambeingaconstitutionalistwasfirmbeliever
andstaunchsupporterofruleoflaw.Accordingtothe
A.D.C.ofQuaid-i-Azam,MajorGulHasan,“around400
governmentservantsassembledbeforethegatesof
GovernorGeneralHouse,foraprotest,thestaffasked
forpermissiontoscattertheprotestorsthroughlathi
charge,butQuaid-i-Azam,toldthestaffthatpeaceful
protestistheirconstitutionalright.
Quaid-i-Azamwasinfavorofgivingprovincialautonomy
totheprovinces.Itisevidentfromthefactthatright
fromhisFourteenPointstillestablishmentofPakistan,
healwaysemphasizedprovincialautonomy.

21. CONT’D
Quaid-i-Azamstressedontheeconomicalandfinancial
developmentofthecountry.“TheorganizationslikeMuhammadi
Shipments,OrientAirways,HabibBank,MuslimCommercialBank,
AllIndiaFederationofMuslimChambersofCommerceand
IndustriesandPrintingPresscameintobeing.”
OneveofopeningceremonyofStateBankofPakistan,hesaid,“I
shallwatchwithkeennesstheworkofyourresearchorganization
inevolvingbankingpracticescompatiblewithIslamicidealsof
socialandeconomiclife.”
InanotheroccasionaddressingagatheringatChittagong,hesaid,
“youareonlyvoicingmysentimentsandthesentimentsof
millionsofMusalmanswhenyousaythatPakistanshouldbe
basedonsurefoundationsofsocialjusticeandIslamic
socialism—noother‘ism’—which emphasizeequalityand
brotherhoodofman.
Similarlyyouarevoicingmythoughtsinaskingandaspiringfor
equalopportunityforall.

22. HIS ILLNESS
Throughthe1940s, Jinnahsufferedfrom
tuberculosis;onlyhissisterandafewothers
closetohimwereawareofhiscondition.
In1948, Jinnah’shealthbegantofalterby
theheavyworkloadthathadfallenuponhim
followingPakistan’sindependence.

23. DEATH
He died on 11 September, 1948.
He is buried in Karachi.

24. THANK YOU