qualitative research designs and its types

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS and its types

1. Dr. arifa Saeed QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS

2. DESIGN A plan or something that is conceptualized by the mind. A result of a mental activity characterized by unfixed formation of something but an extensive interconnection of things. The field of research serves as a blueprint or a skeletal framework of your research study.

3. TYPES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGNS

4. Case Study This research design is to describe a person, a thing, or any creature on Earth for the purpose of explaining the reasons behind the nature of its existence. The research design aims is to determine why such creature (person, organization, thing, or event) acts, behaves, occurs, or exists in a particular manner. A case study centers on an individual or single subject matter. The methods of collecting data for this research design are interview, observation, and questionnaire.

5. Ethnography This research design involves a study of a certain cultural group organization in which you the researcher to obtain knowledge about the characteristics, organizational set-up, and relationships of the group members, must necessarily involve you in their group activities. Ethnography requires your actual participation in the group members activities. The methods of collecting data is just to observe the group.

6. Historical Study This research design is to determine the reasons for changes or performance of things in the physical world in a certain period (i.e., years, decades, or centuries). The scope or coverage of a study refers to the number of years covered. The method in collecting data are biography or autobiography reading, documentary analysis, and chronicling activities .

7. Phenomenology This research design is something you experience on Earth as a person. It is a sensory experience that makes you perceive or understand things that naturally occur in your life such as death, joy, friendship, caregiving, defeat, victory, and the like. The method in collecting data is unstructured interview.

8. Grounded Theory This research design aims at developing a theory to increase your understanding of something in a psycho-social context. Grounded theory design takes place in an inductive manner, wherein one basic category of peoples action and interactions gets related to a second category, to third category, and so on, until a new theory emerges from the previous data.

9. SAMPLING It refers to a method or process of selecting respondents or people to answer questions meant to yield data for a research study.

10. PROBABILITY SAMPLING OR UNBIASED SAMPLING It involves all members listed in the sampling frame representing a certain population focused on by your study. An equal chance of participation in the sampling or selection process is given to every member listed in the sampling frame.

11. SAMPLING ERROR The selection does not take place in the way it is planned. The sampling error are depends on the size of the sample.

12. TYPES OF PROBABILITY SAMPLING

13. SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING The best type of sampling through which you choose sample from a population. Using a pure-chance selection, you assure every member the same opportunity to be in the sample.

14. SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING This kind of probability sampling, chance and system are the ones to determine who should compose the sample.

15. STRATIFIED SAMPLING The group comprising the sample is chosen in a way that such group is liable to subdivision during the data analysis stage.

16. CLUSTER SAMPLING This is a probability sampling that makes you isolate a set of persons instead of individual members to serve as sample members.

17. NON- PROBABILITY SAMPLING Non-probability sampling disregards random selection of subjects. The subjects are chosen based on their availability or the purpose of the study.

18. TYPES OF NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING

19. QUOTA SAMPLING Tend to choose sample members possessing or indicating the characteristics of the target population. Using a quota or a specific set of persons whom you believe to have the characteristics of the target population involved in the study.

20. VOLUNTARY SAMPLING Since the subjects you expect to participate in the sample selection are the ones volunteering to constitute the sample, there is no need for you to do any selection process.

21. PURPOSIVE OR JUDGEMENTAL SAMPLING You choose people whom you are sure could corresponds to the objectives of your study, like selecting those with rich experience or interest in your study.

22. AVAILABILITY SAMPLING The willingness of a person as your subject to interest. During the data collection time, you encounter people walking on the school campus, along corridors, and along the park or employees lining up at an office, and these people show willingness to respond to your questions.

23. SNOWBALL SAMPLING This sampling method does not give a specific set of samples.