Quality Assurance- goodbye bye bye.pptx

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1.   Unit of Competence: Implement Quality Assurance Processes for Business Solutions Module Title: Implementing Quality Assurance Processes for Business Solutions

2. At the end of the module the trainee will be able to: LO1 Plan business quality assurance process LO2 Implement quality policies and plans LO3 Control quality assurance processes LO4 Improve quality  

3. Reviewing Quality Assurance Concept and Principles   Definition of Quality (1) The characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs and (2) A product or service free of deficiencies. Quality Assurance The specification of quality related features is an essential component of defining the end-product of a project. If a project aims to deliver a complex end-product, the quality aspects of that end-product will need to be planned and designed . QA requires agreement on the level of quality controls to be adopted or approved. LO1 Plan business quality assurance process

4. Quality Assurance  (QA) is a global term covering the quality policy, quality management and quality control functions, which together ensure that the product will be consistently manufactured to the required standard. Its aim is to achieve and assure quality through the adoption of a cost effective quality control system along with external inspections and audits. Quality planning  is an essential part of the planning activity and can be seen in the product descriptions and in the scheduling of quality related activities. The results of the quality planning activities are reflected in the resource and technical plans. Quality control  is concerned with ensuring that the required qualities are built into all of the products throughout their development life cycles . It defines the methods of inspection used to determine whether the product has met its quality specification . Quality control makes use of measurable quality criteria and is implemented by means of change control, quality reviews, project reviews and by the testing of products. Cont.…

5. The planning process must address the quality issues raised by a proposed project. Quality planning should have a major impact on the overall size and scope of the project plans. It is an essential component of general planning and can be seen in the product descriptions, particularly in their quality criteria. Quality-related activities should be explicitly integrated into the resource and technical plans. Product descriptions  should be created during the planning process, as the products that are required by the project are identified. They should describe the purpose, form and components of a product and list the quality criteria applicable to that product. Quality criteria  define the characteristics of a product in quantifiable terms to allow it to be measured at various points in its development life cycle. The quality criteria are used as a benchmark against which to measure the finished product and should be specified in the related product description. Quality of the Deliverables/services & products/

6. Quality of the Process It is important to distinguish between the quality of the deliverables (as discussed above) and the quality of the project . The project manager must decide how much emphasis to on the quality of the project, and how much on the quality of the deliverables. Checking project quality involves examining completely different things than checking the quality of the deliverables . Deliverable quality  refers to the 'fit for purpose' aspect. It covers things like how well the deliverables meet the user's needs, and the total cost of ownership. Project quality  covers things like applying proper project management practices to cost, time, resources, communication etc. It also covers managing changes within the project. In theory a high quality project could result in low quality deliverables and vice versa, but it is much more likely however that a high quality project will produce high quality deliverables

7. The majority of formal quality assurance standards, such as ISO9001, are intended for large organizations with complex structures . A smaller project will benefit from establishing its own quality assurance procedures, using these standards as a guide. The key is to understand how work is performed and identify key points at which quality checks should be made. A simple quality assurance system can then be implemented that will enable you to monitor the quality of your work, spot problems and ensure the final digitized object is suitable for its intended use. Quality assurance within IT system Project

8. Brainstorm – Identify specific processes that should be monitored for quality and develop ways of measuring the quality of these processes. You may want to think about: Project goals – who will use the digitized objects and what function will they serve. Delivery Strategy – how will the digitized objects be delivered to the user? (Web site, Intranet, multimedia presentation, CD-ROM). Digitization – how will data be analyzed or created. To ensure consistency throughout the project, all techniques should be standardized. 2. Education – Ensure that everyone is familiar with the use of the system. 3. Improve – Monitor your quality assurance system and looks for problems that require correction or other ways it may be improved The ISO 9001 identifies three steps to the introduction of a quality assurance system:

9. Key Requirements for a Quality Assurance System   First and foremost, any system for assuring quality in the digitization or computerization process should be straightforward and not impede the actual digitization work. Effective quality assurance can be achieved by performing four processes during the digitization lifecycle: The key to a successful QA process is to establish a clear and concise work timeline and, using a step-by-step process, document on how this can be achieved. Compare the digital copy with the physical original to identify changes and ensure accuracy. Perform regular audit checks to ensure consistency throughout the resource. Qualitative checks can be performed upon the original and modified digital work to ensure that any changes were intentional and processing errors have not been introduced. Finally , measures should be taken to establish some form of audit trail that tracks progress on each piece of work.

10. Creating a Strategy for Quality Every project plan should address quality management issues in order to provide the highest quality products and services. Project quality applies to both deliverables and process quality. A  quality management strategy  defines the required quality level for the project and the approach to be used to ensure that this level is achieved. A more detailed  quality management plan  is developed in the planning stage. A Quality Management Strategy should include: Quality Objectives Deliverables subject to quality strategy Processes subject to the quality strategy Quality standards and methods to be applied LO2 Implement quality policies and plans  

11. The Project Manager, project sponsors and project stakeholders should all be involved in the creation of the strategy. The final outcome should be the Quality Management Strategy. Implementing Quality Assurance processes The Quality Assurance Strategy defines the quality standards for the project and determines how they are satisfied. Implementation involves carrying out systematic quality activities and uses quality audits to determine which processes should be used to achieve the project requirements and to assure they are performed efficiently and effectively. Project team members, the project manager and the stakeholders are all responsible for the quality assurance of the project, but the Project Manager will have the greatest impact on the quality of the project .

12. The inputs to the quality assurance process are likely to include the following: Quality management plan Quality metrics Process improvement plan Work performance information Approved change requests Quality control measurements

13. Quality Audits Quality audits are independent reviews carried out by trained auditors to identify ineffective or inefficient processes and procedures used on the project. They may take place randomly or on a regular schedule, depending on organizational policies. Correctly performed quality audits will ensure that: The deliverables are fit for use and meet safety standards. Applicable laws and standards are adhered to. Corrective action is recommended and implemented where necessary. The quality plan is adhered to. Quality improvements are identified. The implementation of approved change requests is confirmed. Two of the main tools of quality assurance are quality audits and process analysis

14. Process analysis looks at process improvement from an organizational and technical perspective by examining: Problems experienced while conducting the project Constraints of the project Inefficient and ineffective processes identified during process operation One of the techniques of process analysis includes performing  root cause analysis . While examining problems and constraints, for example, the Project Manager should look at what's causing the problem. The result of this exercise will allow preventive actions to be developed for similar problems or problems that have similar root causes. Process Analysis

15. The outputs of the Quality Assurance process include: Requested changes Recommended corrective actions Project management plan updates Any recommended corrective actions, whether they are a result of a quality audit or process analysis, should be acted upon immediately. Quality Assurance Outputs

16. There are seven essential steps to implement quality assurance processes Process of Quality Assurance Step 1: Identify Organizational Goals The process of quality assurance starts by defining how employees’ jobs are tied to your company or organizations goals. Implementing Quality Assurance Process

17. Employees need to know the organization’s mission, vision, values, how they relate to the company and their role in it. All new employees should receive a thorough orientation with regards to the company’s vision, mission, values and goals . Knowing their individual goals and how it relates to the organization’s goals is the first step in the process of quality assurance. Cont.…

18. The factors that make an organization’s  quality assurance system  successful should be identified. These factors can be a well-designed production process, great product, technical support,  customer  support, financial security, or employee satisfaction . Make a list of the primary factors that influence the process of quality assurance in order to continuously and consistently manage those factors. Process of Quality Assurance Step 2: Identify Critical Success Factors

19. Identify the key groups of  customers  that make your quality assurance system work. Knowing these  customers and their needs can help you develop programs and services for these people. Often   customers  are vendors, suppliers, employees, volunteers or direct customers. Process of Quality Assurance Step 3: Identify Internal and External Customers

20. Customer  feedback is essential in the process of quality assurance. Consistent   customer  feedback enables organizations to detect and solve quality problems before it become a serious issue. Customer  feedback could be obtained through regular customer surveys, by phone, email, focus groups or in person. Calling  customers  after they buy a product or use a service is an easy feedback mechanism to determine customer  satisfaction. Another method to consider is in-person surveys directly after the work or product is delivered. An important method of monitoring  customer  satisfaction (dissatisfaction) is to review customer complaints and Returned Products. Process of Quality Assurance Step 4: Customer Feedback

21. Quality assurance is synonymous with continuous improvement. The results or information gleamed from an organization’s survey or other  customer  feedback tools must now be used to make the necessary changes to the quality assurance process. This could entail more leadership development, customer   service training, higher levels of staffing , corrections to the production process, changes to the product or service you manufacture or deliver, etc. Process of Quality Assurance Step 5: Implement Continuous Improvements

22. Select   quality assurance software  that not only helps you to implement a quality assurance process, but also helps you to maintain and improve the process. Process of Quality Assurance Step 7: Measure Results Measure your results. Though there may be many reasons for implementing a process of quality assurance, one of your main goals is to ensure your organization meets the needs of your  customer . Process of Quality Assurance Step 6: Select Quality Management Software

23. Right from the first moment make sure that there are measurable goals and everyone involved knows what needs to be achieved. When they are not achieved, make sure everyone is clear on what required corrective action is necessary to ensure  customer  assurance and satisfaction Cont.….

24. BEST PRACTICES FOR AN EFFECTIVE TESTING & Quality Assurance IMPLEMENTATION 10 best practices for an effective testing & QA implementation 1) Process:  It is critical that the organization defines a process that is strong and certified/qualified by experts in order to initiate the software assurance quality culture. The process will serve as a guideline that may evolve over time. Most importantly, it should be made official and should be followed through. Improvements will be made until a mature process is established. LO3 Control quality assurance processes

25. 2) Managerial Commitment:   Managerial commitment should stem from the CIO to ensure alignment from each of the development managers, as well as from the development areas of each country. Everyone must be aware of the value that is added by testing & QA to the business . The process, therefore, must account for the value of the solutions that it offers to the organization. 3) Personal Experience :  Hiring someone as a tester that lacks necessary experience is a common mistake. It is vital to acknowledge that the position requires experience in both the business and in software development in general.

26. 4) Deliverables:   As part of the software development and testing processes, it is necessary to define deliverables, such as requirements, a testing plan, and testing cases. These will guarantee that testers can effectively follow-up throughout the project from the software quality perspective. 5) Tool Usage:   Both the use of tools for tracking and managing defects, as well as the creation of test cases and execution, are essential for increasing the maturity of the testing & QA process. The process may begin without tools, but they are a requisite for increasing execution maturity.

27. 6) Metrics : Developing and creating metrics to track the software quality in its current state, as well as to compare the improvement with previous versions, will help increase the value and maturity/old age of the testing process (e.g. the number of components with errors in the software/the total number of components in the software; or the number of errors detected in the testing phase/total number of errors detected). 7) Testing Environment : Implementation of appropriate testing environments that allow developers to reproduce the system execution in production environments is crucial to the creation and execution of the corresponding test cases.

28. 8) Test Data : The testing environment required for day-to-day operation should provide or ensure availability of the necessary data to enable the corresponding test execution . Even if you have developed the appropriate testing environments, developers need to access specific data required to execute the associated test cases. 9) Change Management :  Like any other production environment, the testing environment should properly track changes in configuration, ensuring not only controlled results, but that the tests are run in environments that closely resemble those of the real production environment. 10) Developer Awareness:   It is critical to have an awareness process that includes management commitment at each and every business unit and for associated developers . The goal is to demonstrate that testing activities add value to their daily work

29.   Analyzing Variance of Quality Performance Results Against Benchmarks Analyzing Quality Performance Results Determining Frequency and Areas of Quality Breakdowns Identifying Role of IT Solutions Assessing Effectiveness of Corrective Actions Documenting and Disseminating Quality Performance Results to Stakeholders Process of Identifying and Assigning Person Responsible for Quality Improvement Reviewing and Updating Business Quality Procedures Developing , Analyzing and Security Auditing for Website Developing Technical Test Design Testing Implementation and Evaluation Data with a plan. LO4 Improve quality

30. Project 3: Implementing Quality Assurance Processes for Business Solutions Instruction Now a day’s almost all production and service organizations and small enterprises implement their own organizational process, production or service quality assurance system for a better output and for their customer satisfaction. Select any organization or enterprise which implements quality assurance system and do the following tasks properly .   Task1 : Review and evaluate the current process, product or service quality assurance system and its strategy implemented in the organization. Here, the method or strategy should be documented clearly and shortly. Task2 : Assess and criticize the quality assurance system that you review. Here, your evaluation evidence should be documented in such away: Strength Weakness Task3 : Recommendation: finally put your recommendation for a better implementation of QA system in the organization for the future.