quantitative_vs_qualitative_2_pptx. knowing the differences and its similarity made the student grasp its concept

knowing about the different types of research will help the student understand the research process.
qualitative research does not need numerical data to prove its claim but quantitative research needs numbers or statistical treatment to prove its validity.

1. ASSALAMUALAIKUM WR. WB

2. QUALITATIVE and QUANTITATIVE Qualitative Research in Language Education Study Presented By: M. Yani Pehang 21160140000038 Dewi Listia A 21160140000040 Septia Wahyuni 21160140000026

3. OVER VIEW QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE QUALITATIVE VS QUANTITATIVE

4. A. Qualitative Research is a research strategy that usually emphasizes words rather than quantification in the collection and analysis of data. As cited from Martin Hammersley ( Bryman 2008a:366). B. Qualitative Research is research strategies for conducting inquiry that are aimed at discovering how human beings understand, experience, interpret, and produce the social word. As cited from Martin Hammersley ( Sandelowski 2004 :893) QUALITATIVE

5. Think historically, interactionally , and structurally. Understand a phenomenon by focusing on the total picture rather than breaking it down into variables. Things which must be had by Qualitative Researchers

6. CHARACTERISTICS Qualitative research includes individual, person-to-person interactions. Qualitative data are analyzed inductively. Qualitative research avoid making premature decisions or assumptions about the study and remain open to alternative explanations

7. TYPEs OF QUALITATIVE Basic Interpretative Studies Case Study Document or Content Analysis Ethnography Grounded Theory Historical Study Narrative Inquiry Phenomenological Studies BACK TO OVERVIEW

8. Quantitative research methods were originally developed in the natural sciences to study natural phenomena.  Quantitative research is the systematic empirical investigation of observable phenomena via statistical, mathematical or computational techniques. (cited in Given, L 2008). Quantitative research reflects the philosophy that everything can be described according to some type of numerical system: 1. The height of a person (in metres ) 2. The weight of a person (in kilograms) 3. The age of a person (in years and months) 4.The gender of a person (using a numerical system of categorisation e.g . 1 for female, 2 for male) 5. A person’s education ( e.g. number and grade of school certificates; classification of undergraduate degree) 6. A person’s political views ( e.g. using a scale that goes from 0 for extreme left-wing to 10 for extreme right-wing) and so on .... QUANTITATIVE

9. CHARACTERISTICS The key features of quantitative research are : It is usually based upon numerical measurements and thus tends to use numbers and statistical methods as key research indicators and tools. It tends to be associated with analysis. It tends to be associated with large-scale studies and with a specific focus, often condensing information from a large number of specific occurrences to search for general description or to investigate causal hypotheses. It tends to be associated with researcher detachment, producing 'objective' numerical data that is independent of the researcher; it is a very controlled, exact approach to research. It tends to be associated with pre-determined research design, using measurements and analyses in a systematic and logically ordered fashion that may be replicated relatively easily by other researchers. Validity and reliability can be measured numerically using statistical tests. A common perception of quantitative research is that the emphasis is on proof rather than discovery . (cited in http://www.erm.ecs.soton.ac.uk/theme4/quantitative_research.html )

10. Types of Quantitative Research Experimental Research; Pre-Experimental design Quasi- Experimental design True- Experimental design b. Non-Experimental Research; Ex post facto research Correlational research BACK TO OVERVIEW

11. QUALITATIVE VS QUANTITATIVE

12. Based on the Cresswell’s quantitative and qualitative research theories above we can see clearly there are some differences between them as follows: Quantitative research designed to test a hypothesis Qualitative research design to construct a hypothesis 1. Quantitative research uses a deductive writing style 2. Qualitative research uses an inductive writing style In qualitative research number of the sample depends on the objective of research , for example when the researcher uses a snow ball sampling the number of sample will be restricted based on the objective of study. In quantitative research the number of sample is fixed.

13. Qualitative Quantitative "All research ultimately has  a qualitative grounding" - Donald Campbell "There's no such thing as qualitative data.  Everything is either 1 or 0" - Fred Kerlinger The aim is a complete, detailed description. The aim is to classify features, count them, and construct statistical models in an attempt to explain what is observed. Researcher may only know roughly in advance what he/she is looking for. Researcher knows clearly in advance what he/she is looking for. Recommended during earlier phases of research projects. Recommended during latter phases of research projects. The design emerges as the study unfolds. All aspects of the study are carefully designed before data is collected. Researcher is the data gathering instrument. Researcher uses tools, such as questionnaires or equipment to collect numerical data. Data is in the form of words, pictures or objects. Data is in the form of numbers and statistics. Subjective – individuals, interpretation of events is important ,e.g., uses participant observation, in-depth interviews etc. Objective , seeks precise measurement & analysis of target concepts, e.g., uses surveys, questionnaires etc. Qualitative data is more 'rich', time consuming, and less able to be generalized.  Quantitative data is more efficient, able to test hypotheses, but may miss contextual detail. Researcher tends to become subjectively immersed in the subject matter. Researcher tends to remain objectively separated from the subject matter.  (the two quotes are from Miles & Huberman (1994, p. 40).  Qualitative Data Analysis )

14. Bibliograpy 1. Ary , D & Partners. (2010). Introduction to Research in Education; Eighth Edition. Wadsworth Cengage Learning:USA . 2. Cresswell , J. W. (2012). Educational Research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. Boston: Pearson . 3. Cresswell , J.W. (2013). Research Design: Pendekatan Kualitatif , Kuantitatif , dan Mixed. Pustaka Pelajar : Indonesia. 4 . Denzim , Norman K. and Lincoln, Y. S. “Strategies of Qualitative Inquiry”. 5. Siegle , D. (2016). Types of Research . [online]. Available at http://researchbasics.education.uconn.edu/types-of-research/ 6 . Given , Lisa M. (2008).  The Sage encyclopedia of qualitative research methods . Los Angeles, Calif.: Sage Publications.  ISBN   1-4129-4163-6 . 7 . Unknown . (2016). Quantitative Research. [online]. Available at http://www.erm.ecs.soton.ac.uk/theme4/quantitative_research.html . 8 . Vockell , E.L and William Asher J. “ Educational Research Second Edition” .