quantum_numbers powerpoint presentation with activity

quantum_numbers powerpoint presentation with guide activity

2. QUANTUM QUANTUM
NUMBERSNUMBERS
Set of Set of 4 numbers4 numbers used to describe the used to describe the
electrons in terms of :electrons in terms of :
a.a.Distance from the nucleusDistance from the nucleus
b.b.Shape of the orbitalsShape of the orbitals
c.c.Orientation in spaceOrientation in space
d.d.Direction of electron spinDirection of electron spin

3. PRINCIPAL QUANTUM PRINCIPAL QUANTUM
NUMBER, nNUMBER, n
-Refers to the main energy levelsRefers to the main energy levels
-Related to the average distance of the Related to the average distance of the
electron from the nucleuselectron from the nucleus
-Can only have integral values of Can only have integral values of
n = 1, 2, 3, 4 etc.n = 1, 2, 3, 4 etc.

4. AZIMUTHAL or SECONDARY AZIMUTHAL or SECONDARY
QUANTUM NUMBER, lQUANTUM NUMBER, l
-Defines the shape of the orbital.Defines the shape of the orbital.
-Also refers to the energy sublevelsAlso refers to the energy sublevels

subshellsubshell Azimuthal quantum Azimuthal quantum
number, lnumber, l
ss 00
pp 11
dd 22
ff 33

5. MAGNETIC QUANTUM MAGNETIC QUANTUM
NUMBER, mNUMBER, m
ll
Describes the orientation of the orbitals in space.Describes the orientation of the orbitals in space.
The range of magnetic quantum numbers defined by the formula The range of magnetic quantum numbers defined by the formula mm
ll
= 2l + 1= 2l + 1 and takes the integer value between –l to +l including 0 and takes the integer value between –l to +l including 0
subshellsubshell Possible magnetic quantum Possible magnetic quantum
numbers, m numbers, m
ll
ss 00
pp -1, 0, +1-1, 0, +1
dd -2, -1, 0, +1, +2-2, -1, 0, +1, +2
ff -3, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3-3, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, +3

6. SPIN QUANTUM NUMBER, mSPIN QUANTUM NUMBER, m
ss
- - differentiates how two electrons behave differentiates how two electrons behave
under a magnetic field.under a magnetic field.
-Can only have two possible values Can only have two possible values
+½ and -½+½ and -½

7. Example. What are the possible quantum Example. What are the possible quantum
numbers for the outermost electron of oxygen?numbers for the outermost electron of oxygen?
SOLUTION:SOLUTION:
Identify the Identify the final orbitalfinal orbital occupied by the electron. occupied by the electron.
1s1s
22
2s 2s
22
2p2p
44
2 p2 p
44
n =n =
l =l =
mm
l l ==
mm
ss = =
2
1
-1, 0, +1
+½ , -½+½ , -½

8. What are the possible quantum numbers for the What are the possible quantum numbers for the
outermost electron of chromium?outermost electron of chromium?
SOLUTION:SOLUTION:
Identify the Identify the final orbitalfinal orbital occupied by the electron. occupied by the electron.
1s1s
22
2s 2s
22
2p 2p
66
3s 3s
22
3p 3p
6 6
4s4s
11
3d 3d
55
3 d3 d
55
n =n =
l =l =
mm
l l ==
mm
ss = =
3
2
-2, -1, 0, +1, +2
+½ , -½+½ , -½

9. For each subshells given below, give the For each subshells given below, give the
maximum number of orbitals and electrons maximum number of orbitals and electrons
possiblepossible
Subshell or sublevelSubshell or sublevelNumber of orbitalsNumber of orbitalsNumber of electronsNumber of electrons
8s8s
3p3p
3d3d
6f6f
6s6s
5d5d
4f4f

10. PeriodicTable Orbital Diagram.swf

11. Electron Population Distribution or Electron Population Distribution or
Electron Orbital NotationElectron Orbital Notation
Show the electron population distribution for Show the electron population distribution for
1515P.P.
P has 15 electrons.P has 15 electrons.
Its electron configuration is 1sIts electron configuration is 1s
22
2s 2s
22
2p 2p
66
3s 3s
2 2
3p3p
33
..
The electron population distribution for P is:The electron population distribution for P is:
1s2s 2p 3s 3p