Quantum numbers shells-subshells-orbitals-electrons

This presentation describes about the 4 Quantum Numbers.
This presentation will be helpful in determining the possible permitted values for Shells, Subshells, Electrons and the Shapes of Orbitals

1. Principal Quantum Number (n) Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l) Magnetic Quantum Number (m l ) Spin Quantum Number (m s ) Quantum Numbers Describes the location and energy of an electron in an atom.

2. Principal Quantum Number (n) Represents the Shells of an Electron. Determines Energy Level of an Electron. Maximum Number of Electrons in a given Shell = 2n 2 n (shell number) = 1, 2, 3, 4… Shell (n) Maximum no. of Electrons 1 2 2 8 3 18 4 32

3. Angular Momentum Quantum Number Represents the Subshells of an Electron. Determines the Angular Momentum of an Electron. Number of Sub-Shells (l) = n l (sub-shell) = 0, 1, 2, 3……(n-1) n l Number of Sub-Shells 1 1 2 0, 1 2 3 0, 1, 2 3 4 0, 1, 2, 3 4 (l)

4. Orbitals Maximum Number of Electrons in a given Sub-Shell = 2 x (2l + 1) l Orbital Number of electrons s 2 1 p 6 2 d 10 3 f 14 A region of probability where an electron can be found.

5. Magnetic Quantum Number Determines the Number of Types/Orientation of Orbitals. Number of Orientation of Orbitals (m l ) = (2l+1) m l = -l,……..0……,+l l m l Number of Orbitals 0 (s) 1 1(p) -1, 0, 1 3 2(d) -2, -1, 0, 1, 2 5 3(f) -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 7 (m l )

6. Orbitals Number of Orbitals for a given Shell = n 2 Shell (n) Number of Orbitals Set of Orbitals 1 1 1s 2 4 2s 2p x , 2p y , 2p z 3 9 3s 3p x , 3p y , 3p z 3d xy , 3d yz, 3d xz, 3d z 2 , 3d x2-y2

7. Shapes of Orbitals

8. Spin Quantum Number Represents the Direction of Spin of an Electron on its own Axis. Electrons can Spin either Clockwise ↑ or Anticlockwise ↓ Direction. m s =-1/2 or +1/2 (m s )

9. Principal Q.N. (n) Angular Momentum Q.N. (l) Magnetic Q.N. (m l ) Spin Q.N. (m s ) Designation of Orbital 1 ± ½ 1s 2 1 -1, 0, +1 ± ½ ± ½ 2s 2p 3 1 2 -1, 0, +1 -2, -1, 0, +1,+2 ± ½ ± ½ ± ½ 3s 3p 3d 4 1 2 3 -1, 0, +1 -2, -1, 0, +1,+2 -3, -2, -1, 0, +1,+2, +3 ± ½ ± ½ ± ½ ± ½ 4s 4p 4d 4f Permissible Values of Q.N.

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