Quantum_Systems_Non_Engineering_View.pptx

Quantum system apploications

1. Quantum Systems: Trapped Ions, Superconducting Circuits, and Photons A Non-Engineering Perspective By Professor [Your Name] Department of Physics

2. Introduction to Quantum Systems • Quantum systems are physical setups that use the principles of quantum mechanics. • They allow us to study, control, and use quantum properties like superposition and entanglement. • Common platforms: trapped ions, superconducting circuits, and photons. • Aim: Build quantum computers, simulators, and sensors.

3. Why Non-Engineering View? • Focus on physical concepts, not circuit designs. • Understand how quantum behavior emerges in real systems. • Appreciate how these systems embody the abstract rules of quantum mechanics. • A bridge between theoretical quantum physics and practical realization.

4. Trapped Ions – The Basics • Individual ions are trapped using electric and magnetic fields. • Lasers manipulate ion energy levels to create qubits. • Quantum information is stored in the ion’s internal states. • Example: Ytterbium or Calcium ions. • Advantages: Long coherence times and high-fidelity operations.

5. Trapped Ions – Key Ideas • Each ion represents a quantum bit (qubit). • Laser pulses act as logic gates. • Cooling techniques bring ions near absolute zero. • Ion vibrations act as a ‘quantum bus’ linking qubits. • Applications: Quantum computing, precision clocks, quantum simulations.

6. Superconducting Circuits – The Basics • Artificial atoms made from superconducting materials (e.g., aluminum). • Operate at temperatures near absolute zero. • Josephson junctions create quantized energy levels. • Microwave photons control and read out qubits. • Developed by companies like IBM, Google, and Rigetti.

7. Superconducting Circuits – Conceptual View • Think of a qubit as a ‘quantum pendulum’ oscillating between states. • Energy levels are quantized, similar to natural atoms. • Allows integration with classical electronics. • Challenges: Decoherence, material imperfections, and noise.

8. Photonic Quantum Systems – The Basics • Use light particles (photons) to represent quantum information. • Photons are naturally mobile – great for communication. • Encoding in polarization, time-bin, or spatial modes. • Detectors and beam splitters manipulate quantum states. • Operate mostly at room temperature.

9. Photons – Conceptual Understanding • Photons act as flying qubits. • Quantum interference enables computation and teleportation. • Advantages: Low decoherence and long-distance transmission. • Limitations: Hard to store and synchronize photons. • Applications: Quantum communication, cryptography, and networks.

10. Comparing Quantum Platforms • Trapped Ions → High fidelity, slow operations. • Superconducting Circuits → Fast, scalable, needs cryogenics. • Photons → Ideal for communication, not easy for computation. • Each system has unique strengths and challenges. • Hybrid approaches combine the best of all worlds.

11. Future Outlook • Research moving toward hybrid quantum architectures. • Improvements in error correction and scalability. • Quantum Internet combining photonic links and solid-state nodes. • Non-engineering view helps us appreciate the physics foundation. • Quantum systems = fusion of theory and experiment.

12. Summary • Trapped ions, superconducting circuits, and photons represent distinct ways to realize qubits. • Each highlights a different aspect of quantum mechanics. • Understanding their physics helps interpret current research trends. • Quantum systems show how abstract theory becomes physical reality.

13. Thank You Questions? Contact: [email protected]