Quarter-4-Module-1-Grammatical-Signals.pptx

English

1. Quarter 4 - Module 1: Using Appropriate Grammatical Signals or Expressions Suitable to Each Pattern of Idea Development

2. Are writing devices that serve to maintain text coherence They signal the relationship between new sentences and the one before it. Are also the important writing devices in text construction Are the words that give the readers or the listeners a signal of what will follow an idea. Grammatical Signals/Expression

3. Grammatical Signals are writing devices that serve to maintain text coherence. They signal a particular relationship between sentences by back reference through using of pronominal forms, determiners, repetition of keywords, ellipsis, parallelism, synonyms, and super ordination ( Saraka,1998:111 ). What is Grammatical Signals?

4. Grammatical signals or expressions are used in idea development for each pattern, namely:   1. general to particular 2. claim and counterclaim 3. problem – solution 4. cause – effect

5. General Statement – is usually the topic sentence or the main idea of the paragraph. Particular Statement – is the supporting information for the topic sentence or main idea of the paragraph. What is general–to–particular pattern?

6. What is general–to–particular pattern? It is a method of writing a composition that discusses the broad topic using specific details that support the topic. It is a pattern of developing ideas that begins with a general idea or statement. This is followed by specific details to support and explain the general idea. We use grammatical signals or expressions to connect the general idea or statement and the specific details.

7. General to particular SIGNAL words Examples For GENERAL statements Generally, primarily, largely, in general For MAJOR details first, second, third, another, furthermore, moreover, in addition, next. For PARTICULAR ideas for instance, for example, to illustrate, to be specific, specifically, particularly, such as, like

8. Example: The Effect of Global Warming The impact that global warming causing on earth is extremely serious . There are many hazardous effects that will happen in the future if global warming continues. For instance , melting of polar ice caps, leading to an increase in sea level drowning coastlines and slowly submerging continents are some of the specific effects of global warming.

9. General to Particular: Signal words for example namely in fact such as for instance like in other words that is indeed specifically in particular including

10. A. I can play quite a few musical instruments.   B. I can play quite a few musical instruments, such as the flute, the guitar, and the piano.

11. General and Particular Statements Doctors are hardworking people. Dr. Lopez works for 12 hours curing a lot of patients with different illnesses. Doctors are hardworking, in fact , Dr. Lopez is one of them. He works for 12 hours curing a number of patients with different illnesses. Example: General Particular

12. Directions: Read the following statements carefully. Choose the grammatical signal or expression from the choices in the box that completes each. Then, identify it whether Particular or General. ___ 1. Filipinos are good English speakers; _____, most of them forget their own dialects. ___ 2 . Ana wants to be the top insurance agent; _____, she aims to get a hundred clients in a day. ___ 3 . Liz might have a great night out; ______, her parents called at exactly 10:00pm. ___ 4 . Joe was eager to have a nap after work; ______, he laid his aching back on the couch and closed his tired eyes . ___ 5 . I am _________as other athletes out there.

13. Claim and Counterclaim Is a method of developing a paragraph or a longer composition by stating (someone else’s) claim, by stating your (the writer’s) counterclaim and by following with reasons or evidences to support the said counterclaim. Claim- is something you believe. Note: claims don’t have to be true . Counterclaim- is an opposing viewpoint; something said to offset someone else’ claim. Note a counterclaim is not necessarily the converse, simply a different pinion.

14. Claim and counter claim SIGNAL words Examples Signal verbs for CLAIMS agree, claim, conclude, discuss, illustrate, observe, show suggest, support, think, propose, point out, explain, say. Signal verbs for COUNTERCLAIMS Fargue , refute, disagree, oppose, contradict, however, but, in contrast, otherwise, on the other hand. Signal verbs for CITING EVIDENCE according to, evidence shows, the study reveals, based on the evidences/data (the author) claims.

15. Students need to come to class in order for them to graduate soon. It is not safe for students to come to class due to the pandemic. The use of gadgets by most of the students results to negligence and academic failure. Example: Claim Counterclaim

16. Examples: because, since, consequently, so that, nevertheless, a solution, -however, therefore, in addition, as a result

17. Directions: Make a counterclaim for each claim by using the given grammatical signal or expression in the parenthesis . 1. Filipinos are good English speakers (however) 2. Cars are one of the most important inventions in the world (in fact) 3. COVID- 19 is just a simple and a curable virus (due to) 4. There is a vaccine against the corona virus (finally) 5. China has the healthiest population in the world (after all)

18. PROBLEM AND SOLUTION The text presents a significant problem and explains it in detail. Then, a possible solution is suggested. Sometimes, only the problem is presented because there is no solution. Answers the questions What is the problem What is a possible solution?

19. Problem solution SIGNAL words Examples For PROBLEM AND SOLUTION answer, challenge, need, difficulty, need, problem, propose, resolve, respond to, solve, suggest.

20. Example: “Since pollution has a detrimental impact on modern living standards, a key solution is increased recycling of waste products.”

21. PASSAGE PROBLEM SOLUTION 1. John didn’t know what to bring to school for Show and Tell. He asked his mother for an idea. She suggested to take the ribbon that his dog received for winning at the pet parade. 2. Emily knew she had to get to school on time, but her mother said she couldn’t drive her. Emily decided to leave early and walked to school. Directions: For each passage in the table below, write the problem and solution using appropriate grammatical signals or expressions.

22. CAUSE AND EFFECT Cause and effect describes or discusses an event/action that is caused by another event/action. There may be a single cause and effect or several causes with several effects. Answer the Question: Why did this happen? What were the results of a particular event?

23. CAUSE AND EFFECT SIGNAL words Examples For expressing CAUSES because, causes, creates, due to, for this reason, if this, leads to, produces, since this. For expressing EFFECTS as a result consequently. Hence, in effect, resulting, since, therefore, thus

24. Cause signal words for - Sunlight is crucial to plants, for it makes them grow. since - Wearing face mask is important, since it shields us from viruses. resulted from- Air pollution resulted from deforestation. due to- Sheena caught a fever due to mosquito bites. effect of- One of the effects of the virus is shortness in breathing. others such as because, as a result of, because of, was the result of, Effects signal words therefore - There is a high demand in rice; therefore, farmers need to work hard. so - Shane finished all the house chores, so his mother bought her a new phone. resulted in - Mining resulted in flood and soil erosion. had an effect - Limited resources had an effect in production of goods      

25. Example: Public schools should require students wear uniforms because they save parents money, de-emphasize fashion, and create school spirit. The large movement of people from rural to urban areas has major effects on a city’s ability to provide housing, unemployment, and adequate sanitation services.

26. Liza does her work excellently. She gets a huge promotion. Liza does her work excellently, so she gets a huge promotion. The cause of Liza ’ s huge promotion is her excellent work.

27. Other Grammatical Signals or Expressions: Transition Signals  

28. Directions: Complete each of the following sentences below with the correct transition signal from the choices in the parenthesis . 1. Summer in the Philippines can be very dehydrating; ________, drinking water often is important .( meanwhile/for this reason/for example) 2 . Earth is the only planet occupied by living organisms; __________, it has all the elements we need to live .( thus/subsequently/in fact ) 3. I am an anti-social person; ________, I don’t have friends. (e.g./therefore/ first ) 4. There are many lessons we can learn from this pandemic; _______, unity, love , and selflessness .( in short/ for instance/next ) 5. There was no rain last month; _________, most of the crops died. ( all in all/ e.g./ because of this )