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herbal syrup

1. SANJIVANI COLLEGE OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH Name :- Sonam Sinha Class :- TYB-Pharm Sec :- ‘A’ Roll no. :- 53 Topic :- formulation of herbal syrup and formulation of herbal tablet

2. CONTENT INTRODUCTION TO HERBAL SYRUP & TABLETS INGREDIENT USED IN HERBAL SYRUP & TABLETS ADVANTAGE OF HERBAL SYRUP & TABLETS CLASSIFICATION OF HERBAL SYRUP & TABLETS FORMULATION OF HERBAL SYRUP & TABLETS PREPARATION OF HERBAL SYRUP & TABLETS EXAMPLE OF HERBAL SYRUP & TABLETS PARAMETER OF HERBAL SYRUP & TABLETS

3. INTRODUCTION TO HERBAL SYRUP Herbal syrup is prepared by adding concentrated decoction of herbs with either honey or sugar and we also use alcohol. The herbal syrup is made by decoction process. Mixing a decoction of herbs with sugar it helps to the formulation for thicken and preserve the formulation. This was responsible to increase the shelf life of formulation. The added sweetener can also help to increase the palatability of some herbs. The finally obtained syrup to be delicious. Most of herbal syrup was originally derived from plant herbal medicine refers to use extract of fruit for medicinal purpose. Along with other dosage from herbal drugs also formulated inform of syrups. Today syrup is used for treatment of many ailments and to overcome symptoms of diseases. The antioxidant syrup is used to treat the cancer because of many stress condition and other oxidative reaction in body the free radical are generated, by using these syrup the condition is overcome.

4. INGREDIENT USED IN HERBAL SYRUP Following are the ingredients used in formulation of herbal syrup:- 1. Kiwi fruit: It consist fruit of plant Actinida deliciosa belonging to family Actinida. It is uses as sleep inducer, antioxidant and contained vitamin C, It is use specially in colon cancer. 2. Basil leaves: It consist of fresh leaves of plant Ocimum basilicum belonging to family: Lamiale. It is uses as GIT disorder, eye disorder, CVS disorder, diabetes mellitus and anti-tumor. 3. Orange peel: It consist fruit of plant Citrus sinesis belonging to family: Rutaceae. It uses as anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and neurodegenerative disorder. 4. Sugar: It consist stem of plant Saccharum officinarum belonging to family: Poaceae. It act as preservative and uses to increases shelf life of product. 5. Alcohol: It uses in small quantity act as preservative .

5. ADVANTAGES OF HERBAL SYRUP Herbal syrups have been used for centuries as a natural remedy for various ailments. They are made from natural ingredients such as herbs, fruits, and honey and are believed to have several health benefits. Some of the advantages of herbal syrup include: Boosting the immune system Increasing energy Losing weight Enhancing mood Improving sleep

6. CLASSIFICATION OF HERBAL SYRUP Herbal syrups can be classified into three types : 1. Flavoured syrups: These contain flavouring agents such as orange syrup BPC, lemon syrup BPC etc. 2. Medicated syrups: These contain medicaments dissolved in them. 3. Artificial syrups: These are used for diabetic patients and are prepared from polyols such as sorbitol, glycerine, propylene glycol or cellulose polymers such as methyl cellulose, hydroxy methyl cellulose and artificial sweetener such as sodium saccharine, sodium cyclamate. Artificial sweeteners are 500 times sweeter than sucrose and they are non-caloric and they do not elevate the blood glucose level.

7. PREPARATION OF HERBAL SYRUP Procedure: When herbal syrup is prepared by decoction method. Steps are as follows :- 1. Four kiwi fruits (average weight of one fruit around 35 gm) were taken and its outer coat was removed, then cut it into small pieces, then obtained pieces were added into 100ml of water then heated slowly to get extract. The extract got was filtered and then cool. From whole extract 7 ml of solution is measured. 2. About 20gm peel obtained from two oranges was cut into small piece added to 100 ml of water then heated slowly to get extract. The extract got was filtered and then cool. From whole extract 5 ml of solution is measured. 3. About 20 gm of basil leaves added into 100 ml of water, heated slowly to get extract. The extract got was filtered and then cool. From whole extract 5 ml of solution is measured. 4. Weight accurately 33.3ml of sugar. 5. All extract are mixed with each other and 50ml of syrup was obtained. 6. This obtained syrup was transferred to amber color bottle, close it tightly and place it into cool place.

8. FORMULATION OF HERBAL SYRUP The formulation of herbal syrup is the process of preparing and producing syrup that contains herbal extracts or decoctions as the active ingredients. The formulation of herbal syrup may involve several steps, such as: - Selection of herbs: The herbs or plants that are used for the formulation of herbal syrup should be chosen based on their traditional uses, pharmacological effects, safety profile, availability, and compatibility. The herbs should be authenticated, standardized, and quality-controlled to ensure their identity, purity, potency, and stability. - Extraction of herbs: The herbs or plants that are used for the formulation of herbal syrup should be extracted using appropriate solvents and methods to obtain their active constituents. The extraction process may vary depending on the type and nature of the herbs, the desired yield and concentration, and the stability and solubility of the extract. The extraction process may involve maceration, infusion, decoction, percolation, etc. The extract should be filtered, concentrated, dried, and stored properly. - Preparation of syrup: The herbal extract or decoction that is used for the formulation of herbal syrup should be mixed with either honey or sugar to form a thick and sweet liquid. Honey or sugar helps to thicken and preserve the herbal extract or decoction.

9. FORMULATION OF HERBAL SYRUP It also improves the taste and palatability of some herbs. The amount of honey or sugar may vary depending on the ratio of herbal extract or decoction to sweetener, which may range from 1:1 to 2:1. The mixture should be heated gently until it reaches a desired consistency and viscosity. - Addition of alcohol: The herbal syrup that is prepared from herbal extract or decoction and honey or sugar may be further enhanced and preserved with the optional addition of alcohol. Alcohol helps to prevent microbial growth and extend the shelf life of herbal syrup. It may also have some therapeutic benefits depending on the type and amount of alcohol used. Alcohol may be added as a pure form such as ethanol or brandy, or as a herbal tincture that contains alcohol and herbal extract. The amount of alcohol may vary depending on the desired alcohol content and preservation effect, which may range from 10% to 25%. - Evaluation of syrup: The herbal syrup that is formulated from herbal extract or decoction, honey or sugar, and alcohol should be evaluated for its quality, safety, and efficacy. The evaluation process may involve testing the syrup for its physical parameters such as appearance, color, odor, taste, density, viscosity, pH, etc. The evaluation process may also involve testing the syrup for its chemical parameters such as assay, content uniformity, stability, impurities, etc. The evaluation process may also involve testing the syrup for its biological parameters such as pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, bioavailability, bioequivalence, etc.

10. EXAMPLE OF HERBAL SYRUP Some examples of herbal syrups include elderberry syrup, ginger syrup, hawthorn berry syrup, rose hip syrup, licorice root syrup, schizandra berry syrup, and Echinacea syrup.

11. EVALUATION PARAMETER OF HERBAL SYRUP Procedure to determine density Formula for density: Density of liquid under test (syrup) = weight of liquid under test /volume of liquid under test = w3/v 2. Procedure to determine Specific gravity Formula for specific gravity: Specific gravity of liquid under test (syrup) = weight of liquid under test /weight of water = w5/w4. 3. Procedure to determine Viscosity Formula for viscosity Viscosity = Density of test liquid × Time required to flow test liquid × Viscosity of water / Density of water × Time required to flow water 4. pH determination : The pH determination of syrup by using two techniques. a) Glass electrode. b) pH paper.

12. INTRODUCTION TO HERBAL TABLETS Herbal tablets are a type of herbal medicine that people can use to treat and prevent diseases. H erbal medicines are the oldest form of health care known to mankind. herbs had been used by all cultures through histography. It was an integral part of the development of modern civilization. As time went on, each tribe added the medicinal power of herbs in their area to its knowledge base. They methodically collected information on herbs and developed well-defined herbal pharmacopeias. A number of traditional herbal medicinal practices have been adopted for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of various disease. Herbal medicine (HM) is the fulcrum of complementary and alternative medicine, which in recent times is increasingly gaining widespread popularity all over the world and gradually streaming toward integration into the mainstream healthcare systems . The use of HM cuts across gender, social and racial classes in both developing and developed countries of the world . 

13. INGREDIENT USED IN HERBAL TABLETS Herbal tablets are made from natural compounds extracted from plant parts such as leaves, bark, roots, seeds, or flowers. Herbal tablets may contain active ingredients that have therapeutic benefits, as well as excipients that help with the formulation and stability of the product. Some of the ingredients that are commonly used in the formulation of herbal tablets are: - Fillers: These are substances that add bulk and weight to the tablet, such as calcium carbonate, lactose, starch, etc. - Binders: These are substances that hold the tablet together and prevent it from breaking apart, such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone, gelatin, acacia gum, etc. - Lubricants: These are substances that reduce friction and prevent the tablet from sticking to the equipment or the container, such as magnesium stearate, sodium benzoate, talc, etc. - Disintegrants: These are substances that help the tablet to break down and release the active ingredients in the body, such as sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, alginic acid, etc. - Coatings: These are substances that cover the tablet and protect it from moisture, light, or damage, as well as improve its appearance and taste. They can be sugar-based, film-based, or enteric-based.

14. ADVANTAGES OF HERBAL TABLET Herbal medicines are very cheap in comparison to the conventional form of medication. It’s something which every pocket can afford, unlike other forms of medication which can create a big hole in your wallet. Herbal medicines can be consumed without the aid of any kind of prescription. They can be found very easily from a local drug store. Herbal medicines are known to be more productive in comparison to other forms of medication in curing certain conditions. Unless mixed with other chemical components, they are known to be all natural. One of the greatest benefit associated with herbal medicine is the non existence of side effects. Also, they tend to offer long lasting benefits in terms of overall wellness. Obesity is a growing problem which is known to have hazardous issues on an individual’s health. Herbal medicine can help one deal with the problem of obesity very effectively without consuming much time and efforts.

15. CLASSIFICATION OF HERBAL TABLET There is no universally accepted classification of herbal tablets, as different countries may have different definitions and regulations for herbal medicines and their products. However, one possible way to classify herbal tablets is based on their ingredients, forms, and uses. Based on ingredients, herbal tablets may be classified as: - Single-herb tablets: These are tablets that contain only one type of herb or plant extract as the active ingredient, such as ginkgo biloba, echinacea, or garlic. - Multi-herb tablets: These are tablets that contain a combination of two or more herbs or plant extracts as the active ingredients, such as St. John's wort and valerian, or turmeric and ginger. - Herbal-mineral tablets: These are tablets that contain both herbs or plant extracts and minerals as the active ingredients, such as ashwagandha and zinc, or ginseng and iron. - Herbal-vitamin tablets: These are tablets that contain both herbs or plant extracts and vitamins as the active ingredients, such as chamomile and vitamin C, or green tea and vitamin E.

16. CLASSIFICATION OF HERBAL TABLET Based on forms, herbal tablets may be classified as: - Uncoated tablets: These are tablets that have no coating on their surface and may dissolve quickly in the mouth or stomach. - Coated tablets: These are tablets that have a thin layer of coating on their surface to protect them from moisture, light, or damage, or to improve their appearance and taste. They may be sugar-based, film-based, or enteric-based. - Chewable tablets: These are tablets that are designed to be chewed before swallowing to release their active ingredients. They may have a pleasant flavor and texture to make them more palatable. - Sublingual tablets: These are tablets that are placed under the tongue and dissolve rapidly to deliver their active ingredients directly into the bloodstream. They may bypass the digestive system and have a faster onset of action.

17. CLASSIFICATION OF HERBAL TABLET Based on uses, herbal tablets may be classified as: - Preventive tablets: These are tablets that are used to prevent diseases or to maintain health and well-being. They may boost the immune system, increase energy, lose weight, enhance mood, improve sleep, etc. - Curative tablets: These are tablets that are used to treat diseases or to alleviate symptoms. They may have anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-diabetic, anti-depressant, anti-anxiety, analgesic, etc. properties. - Supportive tablets: These are tablets that are used to support other treatments or therapies. They may enhance the efficacy or reduce the side effects of conventional medicines, such as chemotherapy or antibiotics. They may also complement other alternative medicines, such as acupuncture or homeopathy.

18. FORMULATION OF HERBAL TABLET The formulation of herbal tablets is the process of preparing and producing tablets that contain herbal extracts or powders as the active ingredients. The formulation of herbal tablets may involve several steps, such as: - Selection of herbs: The herbs or plants that are used for the formulation of herbal tablets should be chosen based on their traditional uses, pharmacological effects, safety profile, availability, and compatibility. The herbs should be authenticated, standardized, and quality-controlled to ensure their identity, purity, potency, and stability. - Extraction of herbs: The herbs or plants that are used for the formulation of herbal tablets should be extracted using appropriate solvents and methods to obtain their active constituents. The extraction process may vary depending on the type and nature of the herbs, the desired yield and concentration, and the stability and solubility of the extract. The extract should be filtered, concentrated, dried, and stored properly. - Preparation of granules: The herbal extract or powder that is used for the formulation of herbal tablets should be converted into granules to improve its flowability, compressibility, and uniformity. The granulation process may involve mixing the herbal extract or powder with suitable excipients, such as fillers, binders, lubricants, disintegrants, and coatings.

19. FORMULATION OF HERBAL TABLET . The granulation process may use wet or dry methods depending on the properties of the herbal extract or powder and the excipients. The granules should be dried, sieved, and evaluated for their physical characteristics. - Compression of tablets: The granules that are used for the formulation of herbal tablets should be compressed into tablets using a suitable machine and equipment. The compression process may involve adjusting the weight, size, shape, hardness, thickness, and friability of the tablets. The compression process should ensure that the tablets have adequate strength, integrity, and appearance. - Evaluation of tablets: The tablets that are formulated from herbal extracts or powders should be evaluated for their quality, safety, and efficacy. The evaluation process may involve testing the tablets for their physical parameters, such as weight variation, hardness, thickness, friability, disintegration time, dissolution rate, etc. The evaluation process may also involve testing the tablets for their chemical parameters, such as assay, content uniformity, stability, etc. The evaluation process may also involve testing the tablets for their biological parameters, such as pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, bioavailability, bioequivalence, etc.

20. PREPARATION OF HERBAL TABLET The preparation of herbal tablet is the process of making tablets that contain herbal extracts or powders as the active ingredients. The preparation of herbal tablet may involve several steps, such as: - Preparation of powder: The herbal extract or powder that is used for the preparation of herbal tablet should be dried and powdered separately using suitable equipment and techniques. The powder should be sieved and evaluated for its physical characteristics, such as particle size, bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, etc. - Mixing of powder: The herbal powder that is used for the preparation of herbal tablet should be mixed with suitable excipients, such as fillers, binders, lubricants, disintegrants, and coatings. The mixing process should ensure a uniform distribution of the herbal powder and the excipients in the blend. The mixing process may use different types of mixers depending on the properties of the powder and the excipients. - Granulation of powder: The herbal powder that is used for the preparation of herbal tablet may be granulated to improve its flowability, compressibility, and uniformity. The granulation process may involve adding a liquid binder to the powder blend and forming wet granules.

21. PREPARATION OF HERBAL TABLET The wet granules should be dried, sieved, and evaluated for their physical characteristics. Alternatively, the granulation process may involve compressing the powder blend into slugs or flakes and breaking them into dry granules. The dry granules should be sieved and evaluated for their physical characteristics. - Compression of granules: The granules that are used for the preparation of herbal tablet should be compressed into tablets using a suitable machine and equipment. The compression process may involve adjusting the weight, size, shape, hardness, thickness, and friability of the tablets. The compression process should ensure that the tablets have adequate strength, integrity, and appearance. - Coating of tablets: The tablets that are prepared from herbal granules may be coated with a thin layer of coating material to protect them from moisture, light, or damage, or to improve their appearance and taste. The coating process may involve spraying a liquid coating solution onto the tablets in a rotating pan or drum. Alternatively, the coating process may involve dipping or brushing the tablets with a coating solution. The coated tablets should be dried and evaluated for their physical characteristics.

22. EXAMPLES OF HERBAL TABLET Herbalife Aloe Plus Tablet: This is a tablet that contains aloe vera extract and chamomile extract. It claims to support digestive health and immunity. It also claims to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Zandu Giloy Capsule: This is a capsule that contains giloy extract, which is a traditional Ayurvedic herb. It claims to have antioxidant properties and support natural immunity. It also claims to help in fever, infections, and chronic diseases. Pure Nutrition Ayurvedic Tulsi & Giloy Extract Tablet: This is a tablet that contains Tulsi extract and giloy extract, which are both traditional Ayurvedic herbs. It claims to have antioxidant properties and support natural immunity. It also claims to help in respiratory health, skin health, and stress relief.

23. PARAMETERS OF HERBAL TABLET The parameter of herbal tablet are the criteria or standards that are used to evaluate the quality, safety, and efficacy of herbal tablets. The parameter of herbal tablet may include physical, chemical, and biological parameters that are tested using various methods and instruments. Some of the parameter of herbal tablet are: - Physical parameters: These are the parameters that measure the physical characteristics of herbal tablets, such as weight variation, hardness, thickness, diameter, friability, disintegration time, dissolution rate, etc. - Chemical parameters: These are the parameters that measure the chemical composition and properties of herbal tablets, such as assay, content uniformity, stability, impurities, etc. - Biological parameters: These are the parameters that measure the biological effects and interactions of herbal tablets, such as pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, bioavailability, bioequivalence, etc.

24. “The more that you read, the more things you will know. The more that you learn, the more places you’ll go.” - Dr. Seuss Thank you!