"Yarn linear density measurement and its significance"

The linear density of yarn, also known as yarn count, is a measure of the mass per unit length of the yarn. It is commonly used in the textile industry to quantify the thickness or fineness of the yarn. Linear density can be expressed in various units, such as denier (grams per 9000 meters) or tex (grams per 1000 meters). A higher linear density indicates a thicker yarn, while a lower linear density corresponds to a finer yarn. It is an important property in determining the yarn's suitability for different types of fabric production and its performance in textiles.

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2. 2 Linear Density/ Count Prepared By MD. BIPLOB MIA 01706-442259 [email protected] Year/Semester : 4/1 Session: 2023-2024

3. DISCUSS ABOOUT 3

4. Linear Density/Count The count of a yarn is a numerical expression which defines its fineness. A number indicating the mass per unit length or the length per unit mass of yarn. The thickness or diameter of a yarn is one of the most fundamental properties of yarn. However, it is not possible to measure the diameter of a yarn in any meaningful way. 4

5. Why isn't yarn diameter measured? 5

6. Yarn Numbering System Direct System: The direct system of denoting the linear density based on measuring the weight per unit length of a yarn. Indirect system: The i ndirect system of denoting linear density based on the measuring the length per unit weight of a yarn. 6

7. Direct System It is the fixed length system Higher the yarn count coarser the yarn and lower the yarn count finer the yarn. Formula:   Where, N = Yarn count or numbering system I = Unit of the length of the sample W = Weight of the sample L = Length of the sample w= Unit weight of sample 7

8. Direct System It is further classified as: Tex System Decitex Militex Kilotex Denier System Woolen System Spindle System 8

9. Direct System Numbering System Unit of Length (L) Unit of Weight(W) Tex System (Tt) 1000 meters No. of Grams Decitex ( dtex ) 1000 meters No. of Decigrams Millitex ( mtex ) 1000 meters No. of Milligrams Kilotex ( ktex ) 1000 meters No. of Kilograms Denier (D or Td) 9000 meters No. of Grams Woolen(American Grain) 20 Yards No. of Grain Jute count 14,400 yards No. of Pounds ( lb ) Tex Count: The tex of yarn indicates the weight in grams of 1000 meters yarn, So that 40 Tex means 1000 meters of yarn weight 40 gram. 9

10. Relation Between Direct System 10

11. Direct System On a cone, there is 9800m yarn which weighs 490 gm. What is the Tex and Denier of the yarn? Ans: Tex =50, D=450 11

12. Indirect System It is the fixed weight system Higher the yarn count finer the yarn and lower the yarn count coarser the yarn. Formula:   Where, N = Yarn count or numbering system L = Length of the sample I = Unit of length of the sample w = Unit of weight of the sample W= Weight of the sample 12

13. Indirect System It is further classified as: English Count System Cotton Woolen Linen (Bast fiber) Worsted System Metric System 13

14. Indirect System Numbering System Unit of Length (L) Unit of Weight (W) English Cotton Count (Ne) 840 yards (yds) 1 pound ( Ib ) Metric Count (Nm) 1000 meters/1 km 1 kg Woolen Count (YSW) 256 yards 1 pound (Ib) Worsted Count ( NeK ) 560 yards 1 pound ( Ib ) Linen Count ( NeL ) 300 yards 1 pound ( Ib ) English Cotton Count: The Ne indicates how many hanks of 840 yards length weight of 1 pound. So that 32 Ne means 32 hanks of 840 yards i.e. 32 840 yards length of 1 pound.   14

15. Relation Between Ind irect System 15

16. Conversion formula for various Numbering System:             Example: Known value 32 Ne find the needed value Tex & Denier? Known value 1500D find the needed value of Ne & Tex ? 16

17. Some Importants Conversion Factor: 17 1 yard=0.9144 meter 1 meter=1.0936 yard 1 meter= 39.37 inch 1 inch=2.54 cm 1 cm=0.3937 inch 1 gm=0.0353 oz 1 oz=28.35 gram 1 pound=453.56 gram 1 pound=0.4536 kg 1 kg=2.204 pound

18. Folded Yarn Yarns are produced by the combination of two or more single yarns. There are two possible ways of referring to folded yarns: One is based on the linear density of the constituent yarns And the other is based on the resultant linear density of the whole yarn. 18

19. Folded Yarn For Direct System N R = N × n N R =N 1 +N 2 +N 3 +…...+N n For Indirect System N R =N/n 1/N R =1/N 1 +1/N 2 +1/N 3 +……+1/N n Where, N R = Ply or resultant count N,N 1 ,N 2 ,N 3 ,…N n = Single yarn count n = Number of yarns in the ply 19

20. Folded Yarn Example: A ply consists of 2 single yarns, each having a count of Nm 50, ply count? Ans: 25 Nm A ply consists of 2 single yarns, each having a count of 20 tex , ply count? Ans: 40 Tex 20

21. Folded Yarn 21 What length of yarn is contained in 95 gm of yarn of Ne 50/2? Ans:

22. Relation between Yarn Count and Diameter Let us consider, Yarn Count= N Tex Diameter= d cm Assuming that, Specific volume of the yarn= 1.1 cm 3 /gm So, weight of 1.1 cm 3 =1 gm In tex system, Length of N gm yarn=1000 m ,, ,, 1 gm ,, = Therefore, Length of 1.1 cm 3 yarn is Volume = 1.1= d= Now,   22 Again,  

23. Effect on Measuring Linear Density Sampling: From Yarn Package From Fabric 2. Effect on Moisture Content 3. Effect on Tension 4. Added and Subtracted Material 23

24. Application of Yarn with different count Finer count : Luxury apparel Shirting fabrics Lingerie and Sleepwear Fine knits Scarves and shawls High quality home textile Crafting and hand knitting Coarser count : Heavy duty fabrics Denim Rugs and Carpets Outerwear Industrial Textiles Accessories Home Textiles 24

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