R&W-LESSON 5 (PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT).pptx

Reading and Writing Skills

1. PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT

2. I. NARRATION

3. I. NARRATION the most basic pattern of written text describes how, when, and where an event or occurrence actually happened used to tell a story or focus on a set of related events

4. Components of Narrative Texts

5. A. LOGICAL ACTIONS are considered the very movements within the plot or the narrative that drive the characters forward, be it during the dialogue, or within a scene

6. EXAMPLE: It was late spring the last time we saw Ross. He was standing at the edge of the hill, and he never so much as looked up even though we were sure he knew we were there. There was a bunch of flowers clutched to his fist, but there really was no reason for him to be standing there. We knew that Carrie wasn't coming to see him. But he stood there anyway, waiting, even as the afternoon sunlight deepened towards the evening. He must have been standing there for hours.

7. B. WAY OF NARRATION refers to how the writer presents the story includes the pace by which scenes are given out *Having natural progression of time to the events of the story makes a good writing.

8. B. WAYS OF NARRATION CLIPPED NARRATION PACED NARRATION

9. PACED NARRATION He came and talked to us for a few moments. He seemed upset, but he managed to get through all the bad news. Shaking our hands before he left the house come twilight, he seemed to feel better now that he had delivered the news. He waved from the car as he pulled out of the driveway, narrowly missing the mailbox again, and drove off to return home.”

10. CLIPPED NARRATION “He came and talked to us. Then he left the house and then he drove the car back home .”

11. PACED NARRATION He came and talked to us for a few moments. He seemed upset, but he managed to get through all the bad news. Shaking our hands before he left the house come twilight, he seemed to feel better now that he had delivered the news. He waved from the car as he pulled out of the driveway, narrowly missing the mailbox again, and drove off to return home.” CLIPPED NARRATION “He came and talked to us. Then he left the house and then he drove the car back home.

12. C . TERMINOLOGY places emphasis on the fact that concepts are critical to the narration *Writers must choose how to address terms and which ones they want to use in order to create an appropriate setting.

13. C . TERMINOLOGY CONCRETE TERMS ABSTRACT TERMS GENERAL TERMS SPECIFIC TERMS

14. CONCRETE TERMS words that identify things, places, and events that can be measured and observed terms that have physical manifestation in our world

15. EXAMPLES Classrooms School materials Books Buildings Flash drive

16. ABSTRACT TERMS refer to ideas or concepts that are intangible EXAMPLES: l ove, freedom, hope, feminism, maturity, justice, peace, integrity, etc.

17. GENERAL TERMS commonly used to denote groups t hese are broad in nature

18. SPECIFIC TERMS refer to an individual component of the group

19. GENERAL TERMS Teachers Furniture Reptiles Subjects jewelry SPECIFIC TERMS English teachers Cabinets, chairs Snake, turtles Math, Science, Filipino Necklace, bracelet

20. LET’S TRY! “ He was shivering violently from the cold.” “The joy in the air was palpable.” “Learning English will help us improve our grammar .” “He was given a failed grade in all his subjects.”

21. II. DESCRIPTION

22. II. DESCRIPTION the pattern of development which goes into details about a specific object, person, or location, in order to firmly set its appearance What does it look like? What are its characteristics?

23. Characteristics of Description

24. II. DESCRIPTION has a clear focus and sense of purpose uses sensory details and precise words presents details in a logical order

25. Varieties of Description

26. A. OBJECTIVE DESCRIPTION looks into factual and scientific characteristics of what is being described as objectively as possible The writer stays away from emotional impressions or responses and instead, describes the scene as it is.

27. EXAMPLE: The Acer barbatum is a small to medium-sized, deciduous tree usually ranging from 15 to 25 m. (50 to 80 ft.) tall when mature. Its bark is light gray and smooth on younger trees, and it becomes ridged and furrowed with age. Leaves are opposite and shallowly to deeply palmately lobed, with a few blunt teeth but no serrations. The leaf sinuses are rounded, unlike those of red maple (Acer rubrum ) which are sharply V-shaped.

28. B. SUBJECTIVE DESCRIPTION a sort of description that the author would normally use to “paint a picture” of how he sees a character, or how he wants the reader to see a character also used in a literary discourse when there is stereotyped image that can be attributed to a person, place, or an event.

29. EXAMPLE: My mother had hair so dark that it looked like a waterfall of ink. She always kept it in a braid that fell to her slim waist, and always tied with a plain black band. The braid of black slung over her shoulder, the plaits shining like scales.

30. III. DEFINITION

31. III. DEFINITION explains not just what something means or is, but also what something does, what something is used for, what something looks like, etc.

32. Varieties of Definition

33. A. SCIENTIFIC DEFINITION defines concepts in the most factual way, which is often used in scientific, proper, or real world facts

34. A. SCIENTIFIC DEFINITION defines concepts in the most factual way, which is often used in scientific, proper, or real world facts

35. A. SUBJECTIVE DEFINITION defines the objects in a more personal way usually derived from the author's own experiences and opinion often used by a writer to state something from the point of view of the characters or in relation to the setting

36. The term could be emphasized by the following : Characteristics or features Function Effect Origin

37. SIGNAL WORDS FOR DEFINITION is defined as means to define as defined refers to to illustrate

38. IV. CLASSIFICATION & EXEMPLIFICATION

39. IV. CLASSIFICATION divides things into groups, classes, or categories organizes ideas into divisions based on criteria or standards

40. SIGNAL WORDS FOR CLASSIFICATION another classified as one kind the last group another kind final type the first category the next part

41. IV. EXEMPLIFICATION provides examples and illustrations in order to further clarify or explain the concept or subject matter presents the general statement and then provides specific and concrete examples to expound on the main idea

42. SIGNAL WORDS FOR EXEMPLIFICATION after all for instance namely that is as an example in other words put another way to be specific consider the following in particular Specifically to clarify for example in short stated differently to illustrate

43. LET’S TRY! Dogs are domesticated animals that have been living with humans for generations. Dogs can be classified in a number of different ways. For example, they can be classified by breed. Examples of different breeds include beagles, basset hounds, poodles and countless others as defined by the American Kennel Club (AKC). They can also be classified by their role in the lives of their masters and the work they do. For example, a dog might be a family pet, a working dog, a show dog, or a hunting dog. In many cases, dogs are defined both by their breed and their role. For example, a dog could be a beagle that is a family pet.

44. V. COMPARISON AND CONTRAST

45. V. COMPARISON organizes ideas based on how events, places, people, things, and concepts are similar to or different from one another separately -involves describing one item first followed by the second item side-by-side -involves discussing both items based on each point of comparison

46. EXAMPLE: Although I raised Marcee and Obbie from puppies, they have completely diverse personalities. Obbie is a six year old, male, toy Pomeranian whereas Marcee is a one year old, female, Boston terrier. Obbie is small and soft, unlike Marcee who has bristly hair and is much bigger. Marcee insists on sleeping on the bed, under the covers every night. On the other hand, Obbie will only sleep on the floor, under the bed. Obbie is tremendously loyal and uptight; however, Marcee is hyper and friendly to anyone she meets or sees. Around other dogs, Marcee cowers to the larger dog, yet Obbie will always stand his ground, never giving up until he is scolded. Given that they were both treated the same way all their life, it is hard to believe that they are so different in everything they do.

47. SIGNAL WORDS FOR COMPARISON also as both equally in a similar fashion like to compare in the same way similarly both in comparison likewise

48. SIGNAL WORDS FOR CONTRAST although despite instead otherwise and yet even so however still as opposed even though nevertheless the fact remains but in contrast nonetheless unlike conversely in spite of on the contrary whereas counter to in the meantime on the other hand yet

49. VI. CAUSE AND EFFECT

50. VI. CAUSE & EFFECT explains why something happens or what results a particular event produces

51. SIGNAL WORDS FOR CAUSE as for in view of owing to because (of the fact) for the reason that in as much as seeing that being that in that one reason since due to (the fact)

52. SIGNAL WORDS FOR EFFECT accordingly consequently in consequence so that as a consequence for this reason so thereof as a result (of this) hence so that thus because (of this)

53. VII. PROBLEM-SOLUTION

54. VII. PROBLEM-SOLUTION focuses on either a problem or solution in a particular area or situation

55. SIGNAL WORDS FOR PROBLEM-SOLUTION but the problem is one solution is first, second the solution one way is nonetheless one reason for the

56. VIII. PERSUASION convinces readers to agree to an argument or claim about a particular topic.

57. SIGNAL WORDS FOR EMPHASIZING A POINT again In that case to emphasize truly for this reason indeed to repeat with this in mind in fact

58. OTHER SIGNALING WORDS

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60. END  Thank you for listening!