Rabies- World rabies day

This slide is prepared in order to aware students and people against Rabies and help them to take necessary steps to prevent from such dreadful diseases.

1. World Rabies day Anup Muni Bajracharya

2. 28 September is World Rabies Day It is celebrated annually to raise awareness about rabies prevention and to highlight progress in defeating this horrifying disease. 28 September also marks the anniversary of Louis Pasteur's death, the French chemist and microbiologist, who developed the first rabies vaccine. Today , safe and efficacious animal and human vaccines are among the important tools that exist to eliminate human deaths from rabies while awareness is the key driver for success of communities to engage in effective rabies prevention.

3. Rabies is a vaccine-preventable viral disease which occurs in more than 150 countries and territories. Rabies  is a  viral disease  that causes  inflammation of brain  in humans and other  mammals.   What’s Rabies ?

4. Lyssa Virus-which means frenzy or madness order Mononegavirales family Rhabdoviridae Lyssavirus genus Causative agent

5. Symptoms Early infection may be marked only by a mild fever and headache. Symptoms developing after the incubation period (20 to 90 days) will invariably be severe and include confusion, excessive salivation, seizures, paralysis, delirium, and coma. Once symptoms appear, death is, sadly, almost inevitable.

6. The symptoms of rabies can be characterized by the stages of infection, broadly described as the incubation period, the prodromal period, and the acute neurologic period .

7. Incubation Period The incubation period is the time between exposure to the virus and the first appearance of symptoms. The period can run anywhere 20 to 90 days on average but may be shorter or longer based on the severity of the exposure. For example, symptoms in a person with a mild bite may take months to develop. Those with deep or multiple wounds of the neck or head may see symptom progression within weeks.  Symptoms of rabies during the incubation period may include: Fever A headache Tingling or burning sensation at the site of the exposure (known as  paresthesia )

8. Prodromal Period The prodromal period is described by the first appearance of symptoms. This is when the virus first enters the central nervous system and begins to cause damage. The prodromal phase tends to run from two to 10 days on average and may cause such symptoms as: Fatigue A general feeling of unwellness (malaise) Loss of appetite (anorexia) A sore, swollen throat ( pharyngitis ) Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Agitation Insomnia Anxiety and depression

9. Acute Neurologic Period The acute neurologic period lasts anywhere from two to seven days and will almost invariably end in death. The types and characteristics of symptoms can vary Furious rabies  is the type most people with experience. As its name suggests, this form of rabies is characterized by violent physical and neurologic symptoms.  Paralytic rabies  affects up to 30 percent of people and will cause muscles to gradually weaken, starting from the site of the exposure and expanding outward. Paralysis and death will eventually ensue (usually by respiratory failure ). Atypical rabies  is a type most often associated with bat bites. It may involve symptoms from both furious and paralytic forms of the disease.

10. Symptoms of rabies occurring during the acute neurologic period may include: Hyperactivity Excessive salivation Hydrophobia (a distressing symptom characterized by an unquenchable thirst, an inability to swallow, and panic when presented with fluids to drink) Priapism  (persistent and painful erection of the penis) Extreme sensitivity to light (photophobia) Confusion and incoherence Aggression (including thrashing and biting) Hallucinations Seizures Partial paralysis Delirium These symptoms will soon to lead to a coma as the rabies infection causes massive brain inflammation. Without intensive supportive care, death will usually occur within hours or days.

11. How Rabies Is Treated Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is the only treatment strategy known to prevent rabies-related deaths. This treatment includes extensive washing and local treatment of the wound followed by a course of a potent and effective rabies vaccine. When given in time, PEP can stop the rabies virus from entering the central nervous system and, in turn, prevent the onset of rabies symptoms. To date, no one in the United States has developed rabies when given the vaccine promptly and appropriately, according to the National Institutes of Health.

12. Vaccination Vaccination against rabies is used in two distinct situations: to protect those who are at risk of exposure to rabies, i.e. preexposure vaccination ; to prevent the development of clinical rabies after exposure has occurred, usually following the bite of an animal suspected of having rabies, i.e. post-exposure prophylaxis.

13. 28 September 2017| Geneva  – World Rabies Day marks the announcement of the biggest global anti-rabies initiative, as the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO) and the Global Alliance for Rabies Control (GARC) reveal an ambitious plan to end human deaths from dog-transmitted rabies by 2030.

14. Prevention Vaccinate your pets — dogs, and cats can be infected by rabies. Vaccinate –pre exposure vaccination- working with rabies. Report any stray animals to your local health authorities or animal-control officer. Remind kids that animals can be "strangers," too. They should never touch or feed stray cats or dogs wandering in the neighborhood or elsewhere.

15. Medical Mystery: Only One Person Has Survived Rabies without Vaccine--But How?