RADIOACTIVE WASTE.pptx

Radio active waste management system

1. RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT

2. Radioactive waste generation Radioactive wastes are usually the waste materials containing radioactive material. It is the product of a nuclear process such as nuclear fission and decay.

3. INTRODUCTION Radio activity  Certain elements that compose matter emit particles and radiations spontaneously. This phenomenon is referred to as ‘radioactivity’  Three different kinds of rays; Alpha, Beta and Gamma rays are associated with radioactivity. The alpha rays consist of particles (nuclei of helium atoms) carrying a + ve charge, beta rays particles have – ve charge (streams of electrons) and gamma rays are charge less EM radiation  Radioactive elements decay at different rates.  Rates are measured as half-lives – that is, the time it takes for one half of any given quantity of a radioactive element to disintegrate.  The longest half-life is that of the ‘ isotope’ 238U of uranium. It is 4.5 billion years. Some isotopes have half-lives of years, months, days, minutes, seconds, or even less than millionths of a second.

4. Penetration of radioactive rays

5. Introduction Radio active waste Radioactive wastes are waste that contain radioactive material. Radioactive wastes are usually byproducts of nuclear power generation and other applications of nuclear fission or nuclear technology, such as research and medicine. Radioactive waste is hazardous to human health and the environment, and is regulated by government agencies in order to protect human health and the environment .  So for the disposal of this radio active waste lot of steps are needed

6. TYPE OF RADIO ACTIVE WASTE  High activity, long life  Medium activity, Long life  Low activity, Long life  Medium activity, Short life  Low activity, Short life

7. nuclear WASTE DISPOSAL Currently, internationally preferred solution is for geological disposal by interment in a mined and engineered, multi-barrier repository . Engineered disposal system has generally been constructed at or near the surface for wastes with low-level radioactivity and wastes with short-lived radioactivity. It is being built or is planned to built deep underground in geological formation for high-level and long-lived wastes.

8. The nuclear wastes are stored in a repository for a long period of time

9. Transport & Storage issues related to Radio Active nuclear waste The radioactive wastes can be transported to the repositories and from mines with the help of lead castle. The burial of radioactive waste has been an efficient method for its disposal, but the risks involved in it also have to be taken into account . One of the problems that can occur is that a leakage in the repositories can cause contamination in the water table thereby which when reaching the surface can affect crops and other life.

10. Bioremediation of Nuclear waste