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1. Rajasthan Natural Heritage

2. Location Situated in the northwestern region of India. Capital of Rajasthan Jaipur . Important cities are Jaisalmer, Udaipur, Mount Abu, Jodhpur.  Rajasthan has the neighboring country of Pakistan as its northwestern boundary. It has Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Haryana as its northeastern and northern frontiers. Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh manning its east and southeastern fronts and its southwestern borders being manned by Gujarat.

3. Relief Rajasthan has varying topographic features though a major part of the state is dominated by parched and dry region. The extensive topography includes rocky terrain, rolling sand dunes, wetlands, barren tracts or land filled with thorny scrubs, river-drained plains, plateaus, ravines and wooded regions. In a more broad way the topography of Rajasthan can be divided in the following regions- The Aravalli or Hilly regions The Thar and other arid regions The Plateaus including Vindhaya and the Malwa Fertile plains including the Mewar The Forest Regions Waterbodies including rivers and Salt Lakes

4. Aravalli Hills The  Aravalli  mountain range stretches from Gujarat in the southwest to Delhi in the northeast for about 700 km and sculpts the topography of eastern Rajasthan and adjoining parts of Haryana and Delhi, creating a picturesque backdrop for flourishing settlements, with its highest point at Guru Shikhar on Mount Abu in Rajasthan Thar Desert The  Thar Desert, also known as the Great Indian Desert, is a large arid region in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent that covers an area of 200,000 km 2  (77,000 sq mi) and forms a natural boundary between India and Pakistan. It is the world's 17th largest desert, and the world's 9th largest subtropical desert

5. Plateau The Vindhya Range (also known as  Vindhyachal ) is a complex, discontinuous chain of mountain ridges, hill ranges, highlands and plateaus in west-central  India Fertile plains near Malwa In the southest , the extension of the Aravalli Mountains creates an undulating landscape with a series of hills, green plateaus and fertile plains showered by the Chambal river. The main forest of the State grow in this area. On these rich black soils, swept by a hot and wet climate, Indians grow cotton, linen, peanuts, barley, wheat and basmati rice .

6. Soil and vegetation The soil and vegetation of the state of Rajasthan varies with its wide-ranging topography of arid plains or parched regions, hilly tracts of the Aravalis , the flood prone plains of Eastern Rajasthan and the oldest range of fold mountains- Aravali Hills. The types of soil available in Rajasthan are mostly sandy, saline, alkaline and chalky (calcareous). Clay, loamy, black lava soil and nitrogenous soils are also found. In these arid regions land is dry but not infertile. Hence in irrigated areas Rabi crops like wheat and mustard are grown during the monsoon kharif pulses and bajra are grown . The Gang Canal and Bhakhra Canal enables the flow of water and hence this area is filled with lush vegetation and food crops consisting of maize, guar, sesamum , wheat, mustard, gram, fruits and so on.

7. Mining sector in Rajasthan is another pre-eminent sector next to Agriculture. There are about 42 major and 28 minor mine. The huge sandy expanse of Rajasthan is rich in the white and bright Wollastonite (used primarily in ceramics, plastics and as a paint filler), lead, zinc, calcite (basically used as a construction material), gypsum, rock phosphate (to make organic manure), silver, marble, sandstone and serpentine (green marble), dolomite, emeralds and garnets . Minerals In Rajasthan

8. Major Industries Textile Industry-Textile is the chief industry and the Rajasthan is considered as India's second largest producer of Polyester Fiber. Rajasthan is also involved in the large scale production of cotton and wool. Rajasthan also produces huge quantities of spun yarn and hence is the fourth largest producer in India Cement Industry  - The state of Rajasthan is also the major producer of cement and accounts for 15 per cent of the cement output of the country. Chemical Industry - The chemical industry produces calcium carbide, caustic soda, sulphuric acid, pesticides insecticides and fertilizers. Salt Production - Rajasthan is the third largest producer of salt (sodium chloride) in the country and accounts for the country's one-tenth of salt production.

9. The Rich Flora and Fauna

10. Flora and Fauna Rajasthan has a rich and varied flora and fauna. The natural vegetation is classed as Northern Desert Thorn Forest. These occur in small clumps scattered in a more or less open form. The common & scientific names for species found here are - Aam ( Magnifera Indica ), Imli ( Tamarindicus indica ), Babul ( Accasia nilotica ), Banyan ( Ficus benghalensis ), Ber ( Zizyphus mauritania ), Dhak or Chila (flame of the forest), Jamun ( Syzygium cumini ), Kadam ( Authocephalus cadamba ), Khajur (Phoenix sylvestris ), Khair ( Accacia catechu), Karel ( Capparis decidua ), Khejda ( Prosopis specigera ), Kakera ( Flacourtia indica ), Mohua ( Madhuca indica ), Neem ( Azadirachta indica ), etc. FAUNA Tiger is the top carnivore of Aravalis , mainly found in Sariska , Ranthambore & Sawai Man Singh Sanctuaries in North – West Rajasthan. Leopard is the top carnivore in The Aravalis in South Rajasthan, which roams freely in the diverse habitat conditions. Important animals: Leopard, rhesus macaque, sloth bear, Indian civet cat, Indian porcupine, hyena, wild boar, wolf, jackal, hare, Black faced Monkey or The Hanuman Langur , Bluebull etc.

11. IMPORTANT BIRDS The variety of birds inhabiting the sanctuary includes bulbul, Indian roller, woodpecker, grey hornbill, peafowl, barbet, shrikes etc. and many raptors. The Reptiles of Aravalis & in the Forest Reserves & Parks: Snub Nosed Marsh Crocodiles, Desert Monitor Lizards, Tortoise, Banded Kraits, Cobras, Common Kraits, Ganga Soft Shelled Turtles, Indian Pythons, North Indian Flap Shelled Turtles, Rat Snakes, Russell’s Vipers, Saw-scaled Vipers and the Indian Chameleon. The Fish Rajasthan due its numerous water bodies has a relatively large variety of fish to boast of. The commonly found species are: Bita ( Labio Rohita ), Catla ( Catla ), Greyei ( Chhana matulion ), Lanchi ( Walago auto), Mahseer (Tor tor ), Mirgal ( Cirrchinus mrigala ), Rohu ( Labio rohita ), Savan ( Chhana punctatus ), and Seenghara ( Mystus seenghala

12. National parks The national parks in Rajasthan are unique as compared to the other national parks of India, as they largely show the natural diversity found in the desert. One can see a wide variety of birds at the Bharatpur National Park or have the rare opportunity of interacting with tigers at the Ranthambore National Park. There are 5 National Parks 1.Ranthambore National Park Nestled in the foothills of Vindhya and Aravali Hills, Ranthambore is famous for its tiger reserves and the variety of flora and fauna found. 

13. 2. Desert National Park, Jaisalmer Situated near the town of Jaisalmer , Desert national park is among the largest of its kind in the country, encompassing an area of 3162 sq kms .  wildlife such as camels, desert fox, Bengal fox, chinkara , wolves, desert cat, and the Blackbuck can be found here. Short-toed eagles, tawny eagles, spotted eagles, laggar falcons and kestrel can also be seen here.

14. Bharatpur National Park Now known as the Keoladeo National Park, Bharatpur National Park is a famous avifauna sanctuary and a bird watching paradise listed among UNESCO's World Heritage sites. The 29 km reserve is locally known as Ghana and is a mosaic of dry grasslands, woodlands, woodland swamps, and wetlands.

15. Sariska National Park Nestled in the Aravali Hills over an area of about 800 Sq. Km covering the grasslands, dry deciduous forests, cliffs and rocky landscape, lays the Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary in Rajasthan. It is now known as The Sariska Tiger Reserve. This area was once a hunting preservation of The Maharaja of Alwar . The Reserve is known for its majestic Royal Bengal Tigers. It is the first tiger reserve to relocate the Tigers (from Ranthambore ) successfully. 

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