RAPD, AFLP AND RFLP ANALYSIS

IN THIS SLIDE ,RAPD, AFLP AND RFLP ANALYSIS ARE GIVEN IN A VERY UNDERSTANDABLE MANNER

1. MADE BY : PRATEEK KUMAR MSC BIOINFORMATICS RAPD, AFLP AND RFLP ANALYSIS

2. Marker Gene of known function and location Gene that allows studying the inheritance of that gene Genetic information resides in the genome Genetic Marker Any phenotypic difference controlled by genes, that can be used for studying recombination processes or selection of a more or less closely associated target gene Anything in the genome that is variable and can be used to compare individuals Detectable allelic variation on a chromosome can be a phenotype, can also be a unique detectable sequence of DNA

3. ` Marker is a piece of DNA molecule that is associated with a certain trait of a organism What is Marker? Types of Markers Morphological Biochemical Genetic Chromosomal

4. Morphological Markers Animals are selected based on appearance Eg . PIGMENTATION Disadvantage: lack of polymorphism

5. Biochemical Markers Animals are selected based on biochemical properties Eg . Hb , AMYLASE, BLOOD GROUPS ETC. Disadvantage: Sex limited Age dependent Influenced by environment It covers less than 10% of genome

6. Chromosomal Markers Animals are selected based on structural & numerical variations Eg . Structural and Numerical Variations Structural - Deletions, Insertions etc. Numerical- Trisomy , Monosomy , Nullysomy Disadvantage: low polymorphism

7. Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) Organism can be differentiated by analysis of patterns derived from cleavage of their DNA. Technique is mainly based on the special enzyme called Restriction Endonucleases. In RFLP restriction enzyme digested DNA is resolved by gel electrophoresis and then blotted to a nitro cellulose membrane. Specific binding pattern can be visualized by hybridization with labeled probe. Different size or length of restriction fragments are produced such polymorphism are used to distinguish plant species, genotype etc.

8. RFLP techniques

9. Thank you