RASA Vargeekarana.pptx

Classification of rasa dravya

1. RASADRAVYA VARGEEKARANA (Classification of Rasadravya ) RASADRAVYA VARGEEKARANA CONCEPT AND RELEVANCE Dr.Saranya Sasi MD(Ayu) Assistant Professor Department of RSBK SSRAMC & H Inchal Belgaum

2. There is difference of opinion among different authors of rasa granthas about classification of rasadravya from Rasarnava to latest texts like Rasatarangini . Although main classification taken in practice is of maharasa , uparasa , sadharana rasa according to Rasaratna samuchaya , there are other rasa dravyas like dhatu, upadhatu , ratna , uparatna , visha , upavisha etc INTRODUCTION 5/31/2022 2

3. Adhunikavargeekarana (Modern classification) of Rasadravyas started from 8th century AD and was initially done in Rasatarangini which includes Lohadi Vijnaniya Taranga, Ratna Vijnaniya Taranga etc. Later Yadvji Trikamji Acharya, Siddinandan Mishra etc., contributed more. The dravyas are grouped in different ways depending upon their usefulness towards Mercury and its various processes 5/31/2022 3

4. CLASSIFICATION IS MAY BE BASED ON Availability, utility towards parada & properties of the substances. As Therapeutic agents Potency with metals and minerals Physical and chemical components of the substances Belief & practices prevalent in those periods Dehavada , Dhatuvada , Chikitsa vada . 5/31/2022 4

5. 1. MAHARASA : Dravyas in this classification are potent with metals. They are used for processing parada and for therapeutic purposes. अभ्रवैक्रान्तमाक्षीकविमलाद्रिजसस्यकम् । चपलो रसकश्चेति ज्ञात्वाऽष्टौ संग्रहेद्रसान् ॥ ( र​.र​.स 2/1) 5/31/2022 5

6. Abhraka (Mica; Double silicate of aluminium and Potassium or sodium) Vaikranta (Tourmaline; K 2 OAl 2 O 36 SiO 2 ) Makshika (Chalcopyrite/Copper pyrite; Cu 2 S, Fe 2 S 3 ) Vimala (Iron pyrite; Fe 2 S 3 ) Shilajatu (Black bitumen or mineral pitch) Sasyaka (Copper sulphate/blue vitriol; CuSO 4 7H 2 O) Rasaka (Zinc ore; ZnO , ZnS, ZnCO3) Chapala (Bismuth/selenium). 5/31/2022 6

7. S.N Dravya Rasaratnasamuchaya 2/1 Rasahrudaya Tantra 9/4 Goraksha Samhita 2/20 1 Abhraka + _ + 2 Vaikranta + + + 3 Makshika + + + 4 Vimala + + + 5 Shilajatu + + + 6 Sayaka + + + 7 Chapala + _ + 8 Rasaka + + + 9 Kantaloha _ + _ 10 Hingula _ + _ 5/31/2022 7

8. 2. UPARASA Uparasa group includes substances useful in Parada karma and potentiation. They are comparatively less useful than the minerals of ‘ Maharasa ’ group. Uparasa group of drugs are used as an adjuvant in the processing of Rasa and Maharasas . Most of them are supportive drugs and are Gandhaka and compounds of Gandhaka . No metals are included under this category and most of them are metalloids. 5/31/2022 8

9. गन्धाश्मगैरिकासीसकांक्षीतालशिलाञ्जनम् । कङ्कुष्ठं चेत्युपरसासश्चाष्टौ पारदकर्माणि ॥ (र​. र.स 3/1) According to some Acharyas the minerals found used for Parada karma is grouped as Uparasa . These texts did not classify them as Maharasa , Uparasa and Sadharana rasa groups. 5/31/2022 9

10. According to Rasaratnasamuchaya Uparasas includes Gandhaka (Sulphur - S 8 ) Gairika (Red ochre - Fe 2 O 3 ) Kasisa (Green vitrol - FeSO 4 ​7H 2​ O ) Kankshi (Alum - KAl (SO₄)₂·12H₂O ) Haratala (Orpiment - As 2 S 3 ) Manahshila (Realgar - AS 4 S 4 ) Anjana (Collyrium) Kankushtha ( Rubharb ) 5/31/2022 10

11. 3. SADHARANA RASA कम्पिल्लश्चापरो गैरीपाषाणो नवसादर ​: । कपर्दो वह्निजारश्च गिरिसिन्दूरहिङ्गूलौ ॥ मृद्दारश्रृङ्गमित्यष्टौ साधारणरसा : स्मृता : । रससिध्दकरा : प्रोक्ता नागार्जुनपुर ​: सरै : ॥ (र​.र​.स 3/126 – 127) 5/31/2022 11

12. Sadharanarasa includes Kampillaka ( Mallotus phillippinensis ) Gauripashana (Arsenic oxide) Navasadara (Ammonium chloride) Kapardika (Cowry) Agnijara (Ambergris) Girisindhoora (Red oxide of Mercury) Hingula (Cinnabar) Mriddarashringa (Litharge) 5/31/2022 12

13. 4. LOHA (DHATU) शुद्धं लोहं कनकरजतं भानुलोहाश्मसारम् । पूतिलोहं द्वितयमुदितं नागवङ्गाभिधानम् । मिश्रं लोहं त्रितीयमुदितं पित्त्तलं कांस्यवर्तम् ॥ ( र ​. र ​. स ​ 5/1) 5/31/2022 13

14. Swarna (Gold) Rajata (Silver) Tamra (Copper) Loha (Iron) Naga (Lead) Vanga (Tin) Yasada (Zinc) Pittala (Brass) Kamsya (Bronze) Vartaloha ( kaamsya+taamra+pittala+loha+sisa ) LOHAVARGA INCLUDES 5/31/2022 14

15. Different types of Lohas are mentioned by ancient acharyas which includes 4 Suddhalohas namely Swarna, Rajata , Tamra , Loha , 2 Puti lohas Naga,Vanga and 3 Mishra lohas namely Pittala , Kamsya&Varthaloha . According to Rasajalanidhi two more types are mentioned. Mandura ( Lohakittam ) – Iron when heated red hot & hammered, small pieces out of it & scattered all around. Triloha (under Mishra Loha ) which is prepared by melting 25 parts of Gold, 16 parts of Silver, 10 parts of copper together 5/31/2022 15

16. Suddha Loha (4) Puti Loha (2) Misra Loha (3) Swarna Naga Pittala Rajata Vanga Kamsya Tamra _ Varta Loha _ _ 5/31/2022 16

17. 5. RATNA: माणिक्यमुक्ताफलविद्रुमाणि तार्क्ष्य च पुष्पं भिदुरञ्च नीलम् । गोमेदकञ्चाथ विदूरकञ्च क्रमेण रत्नानि नवग्रहाणम् ॥ ( र र स 4/6) 5/31/2022 17

18. S.N Ratnas English Name Chemical Formula 1 Manikya Ruby Al₂O₃ 2 Muktaphala (Mukta) Pearl CaCO3 3 Vidruma ( Pravala ) Coral CaCO3 4 Tarkshya (Marakata) Emerald Be₃Al₂SiO₆ 5 Pushparaga Topaz Al₂SiO₄(F, OH)₂ 6 Bhidura (Vajra) Diamond C 7 Nilama (Neela Ratna) Sapphire Al₂O₃ 8 Gomeda Zircon ZrSiO₄ 9 Vaidurya Cats eye BeAl2O4 5/31/2022 18

19. 6. UPARATNA (Semi – precious stones)   वैक्रान्तं सूर्यकान्तश्च चन्द्रकान्तो नृपोपल : । पेरोजक​ ञ्च स्फटिकं क्षुद्ररत्नगुणो ह्ययम् ॥ ( र . त 23/154)​ 5/31/2022 19

20. S. N Uparatnas English Name Chemical Formula 1 Vaikranta Tourmaline Mg Mn Fe Ca Na K Li H F Al 3 B 2 SiO 4 O 2 2 Suryakanta Sun stone Na 2 O Al 2 O 3 6Si O 2 + CaO Al 2 O 3 2SiO 2 3 Chandrakanta Moon stone K Al Si 3 O 8 / Na Al Si 2 O 8 4 Rajavarta Lapiz Lazuli ( NaCa ) 8 (AlSiO 4 ) 6 (S,SO 4 ,Cl 1-2 ) 5 Perojaka Torquoise CuAl ₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O 6 Sphatikamani Quartz SiO 2 7 Vyomashma Jade NaAl (SiO 3 ) 5/31/2022 20

21. 8 Trinakantha Amber/Succinum Carbon (approximately 78%) Oxygen (11%) Hydrogen (10%) 9 Palaankam Onyx CaSO 4 2H 2 O 10 Putika Peridot  (Mg, Fe)₂ SiO ₄ 11 Rudhiram Carnelion SiO 2 5/31/2022 21

22. 7. SUDHAVARGA बदराश्मश्च गोदन्ती खटिकाचूर्णकस्थता । अजास्थिमुक्ताशम्बूकशङखशुक्तिवराटिका ॥ समुद्रोफेनो शृङ्गश्च प्रवालो वंशलोचन ​: । सुधावर्ग इति ख्यातो तथा च कुक्कुटाण्डतक् ॥ Sudha varga dravyas contains calcium as a chief ingredient . 5/31/2022 22

23. 1 Sudha churna : Calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) 2 Varaatika / Kaparda : Cowry 3 Sukti : Oyster Shell or pearl Oyster 4 Shankha : Conch Shell 5 Sambuka : Pila / Snail Shell 6 Mriga- sringa : Antler’s/Harts horn/Deer horn 5/31/2022 23

24. 7 Khatika : Chalk or Pipe clay 8 Godanti : Gypsum 9 Samudraphena : Cuttle fish bone 10 Kukkutanda twak : Hens egg shell 11 Koormaprasthani : Tortoise bone 12 Ajasthi : Goats bone 13 Swetanjana : Calcite 5/31/2022 24

25. 8. SIKATA VARGA Sikata varga is group of silicon-containing compounds drugs having alchemical as well as therapeutic value. Classification of Sikata varga was not done in classical texts, the scattered references of these drugs and their usage in alchemy; various methods of binding of mercury (Parada bandhas) as well as internal administration were enumerated. 5/31/2022 25

26. Authors of 20th century have grouped these drugs under a specified class called Sikata Varga . Members of Sikata varga include Sikata , Dugdha Pashana , Kousheyashma , Nagapashana , Badarashma , Trinkanta and Akeeka . 5/31/2022 26

27. S.N Dravyas Common Name Chemical Constituents 1 Sikata Sand SiO 2 2 Dugdha Pashana Talc H 2 Mg (SiO 3 ) or (Mg.Fe) 3 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 3 Kousheyashma Asbestos Mg 3 Si2O 5 (OH) 4 4 Nagapashana Serpentine (Mg.Fe) 3 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 5 Badarashma Rock fossil Si 4 CaO 4 6 Trinakanta Amber C 10 H 16O 7 Akeeka Agate SiO 2 5/31/2022 27

28. 9. VISOPAVISHA The classification of poison is based on certain basic criteria like origin, base, properties, potency etc. Some of the Ayurvedic classics and texts in medieval period have classified all the poisons into two categories as Mahavisha   and Upavisha basing on their toxicity and potency. 5/31/2022 28

29. Upavisha are the group of drugs, which are less toxic in nature and not so lethal but produce certain toxic symptoms on consumption or administration. The symptoms produced in the body due to Upavisha are less toxic, less severe, usually not life threatening and their toxicity can be controlled by therapeutic measures. 5/31/2022 29

30. VISHA CLASSIFICATION Sthavara Visha Jaangama Visha Samyogaja Visha Mahavisha (9) Upavisha (11) Animal/Insect Bites (innumerable) Krtrima Visha (Artificaial Poison) Halaahala Visha Vishatinduka/Kupilu (Strychnos nux vomica) Snake Bite Gara Visha ( avisha-dravya-samyoga )     Krtrima Visha ( savisha-dravya-samyoga ) Kaalakuta Visha Ahiphena (Papaver somniferum) Scorpion bite Sringika Visha Jayapala/Rechaka (Croton tinglium) Rat bite Pradeepana Visha Dhattura Beeja (Datura Metal) Spider bite 5/31/2022 30

31. Souraashtrika Visha Vijaya/ Bhaang (Cannabis sativa) Dog bite Brahmaputra visha Gunja ( Abrus Precatorius ) Jackal bite Haridra Visha Bhallathaka (Semicarpus anacardium) Wolf bite Saktuka visha Arka Ksheera (Calotropis procera) Insect bite etc. Vatsanabha visha (Aconitum ferox) Snuhi Ksheera (Euphorbia neriifolia) Visha Adhishtana – 16 Laangali (Gloriosa superba) 5/31/2022 31