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1. QUARTER 1 LESSON 2 READING AND WRITING SKILLS

2. Reading and Writing 2

3. 3 Objectives Identify the different patterns of development; Find out the features of each pattern of development; and Write paragraphs using different patterns of development

4. February, 2024 PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT

5. NARRATION 5 This sort of paragraph requires chronological ordering. Using transitional words and phrases that signal time are highly recommended. It is like telling a story.

6. NARRATION 6 Most histories, biographies, and autobiographies follow a narrative form, as do personal letters, diaries, journals, and bios on personal Web pages or social networking sites such as Facebook.

7. Signal words for Narration 7

8. NARRATION 8 I remember when I first arrived in the United States. Even before the plane landed, the little windows in the airplane revealed snow and ice-covered houses and buildings. As I walked off the plane, cold air crept through the corrugated ramp that led to the airport terminal. Some people inside the airport were wearing big coats and hats, which I had seen on television, but never up close. I felt a little dizzy and needed to sit down, and then my cell phone rang. It was my Aunt Sophia. She was waiting for me outside in the passenger pick-up area, so I walked quickly to the exit, forgetting all about my luggage. When the sliding glass door opened to the outside, there was my aunt–a woman I hadn’t seen in over ten years–wearing a parka and waving her arms frantically in my direction

9. ADD A FOOTER 9

10. 10 Function to “make present” life experience and interpretations of life in a particular time and space .

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12. ADD A FOOTER 12 GROUP 1

13. ADD A FOOTER 13 GROUP 2

14. ADD A FOOTER 14 GROUP 3

15. ADD A FOOTER 15 GROUP 4

16. ADD A FOOTER 16 GROUP 5

17. ADD A FOOTER 17

18. DESCRIPTION 18 In this paragraph, you convey how something sounds, smells, tastes, feels and/or looks. Using transitional words and phrases that indicate location are often recommended.

19. 19 DESCRIPTION Gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a situation is like. Descriptive writing emphasizes a reader’s ability to paint vivid pictures using words on a reader’s mind. This relies on the writer’s ability to appeal to his/her five senses: the sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing. According to Dagdag (2010), objective and subjective:

20. 20 DESCRIPTION Objective description is a factual description of the topic at hand. This relies its information on physical aspects and appeals to those who crave for facts. Meanwhile, subjective description allows the writer to explore ways to describe an emotion, an event, a thing, a place or person, appealing to emotions.

21. 21 What effective descriptive writing looks like Vivid details. Specific details paint a picture in the reader's mind and appeal to the reader's senses. ... Figurative language. Tools of the writer's craft such as analogy, simile, and metaphor add depth to authors' descriptions. Precise language. ... Thoughtful organization.

22. 22 What do you think is the meaning of this famous line in writing, “Show, don’t tell”.

23. 23 Show don’t Tell TELL “ I heard footsteps creeping behind me and it made the whole situation scarier.” SHOW “ Crunching hit my ears from behind, accelerating the already rampant pounding of my heart.

24. 24 Show don’t Tell TELL “She was my best friend. I could tell her almost anything.” SHOW “ I met her at the town square, running in for our usual hug that carried on for far too long as we gushed about our lives with smiles lighting our faces.”

25. DESCRIPTION 25

26. 26 Jennifer Giesbrecht uses strong, unique sensory descriptions in her book  The Monster of Elendhaven .  Let’s look at some examples. Sight : “A thin line of blood appeared beneath the blade and snaked over the metal. Johann watched it trickle all the way to the point of the knife.” Sound : “The Ambassador’s voice was wet, like the noise a drain makes when clogged with gristle.”

27. 27 Jennifer Giesbrecht uses strong, unique sensory descriptions in her book  The Monster of Elendhaven .  Let’s look at some examples. Touch :  “The sailor grabbed him by the back of the neck and slammed his head into the wall–once, twice, three times–and then yanked the coin from his hand.” Taste : “His lip split on the dock and his mouth filled with a foul mixture of grease, salt, and blood.” Smell : “From a sailor who stank of rum and fish oil.”

28. 28 The dirt of the girls’ cotton dresses continued on their legs, feet, arms, and faces to make them all of a piece. Their greasy uncolored hair hung down, uncombed, with a grim finality. I knelt to see them better, to remember them for all time. The tears that had slipped down my dress left unsurprising dark spots, and made the front yard blurry and even more unreal. The world had taken a deep breath and was having doubts about continuing to revolve.

29. DEFINITION 29 A paragraph demonstrating this technique will include a definition of the term, the class to which it belongs, and the details that differentiate it from other members of its class.

30. DEFINITION 30 Informal definition Denotation is the dictionary meaning of the word. Connotation is the secondary meaning of a word and not necessarily included in the dictionary.

31. 31 Methods of Definition -by characteristics or features, function, what it is not, what it is similar to, example, its origins, and its effect Goals of Definition -to help readers understand new terms or concepts -to come to new understanding of terms they may be familiar with

32. DEFINITION 32

33. 33 “Covid 19 or as we commonly know as the Corona Virus is a disease that is caused by a virus named SARS-CoV-2. The disease is infectious and can spread rapidly. It is an airborne disease that can just spread vividly. Symptoms of this virus include fever, loss of taste and smell, weakness, and many more. “ DEFINITION

34. 34 1. A hippopotamus is a mammal that is born under water but cannot breathe under water. It can open its mouth up to four feet. Its skin is more than an inch thick and so, bullets cannot penetrate it. 2. Orrery is a device that illustrates the movement of planets. 3. Meteorology is not a branch of science that studies about meteors and other heavenly bodies. 4. Justice is a flowing river that prominent people try to build a dam somewhere in between.

35. 35 5. Opulence such as pieces of jewelry, luxurious cars, and mansion have become the new gauge of success. 6. Bridegroom is first used in 14th century to refer a man who is about to be married. 7. Coral reef bleaching affects both the marine life and man. It leads to the decrease of the marine life population because corals no longer serve as good breeding ground.

36. 36

37. 37 Exemplification – or illustration, uses clear and specific examples to explain an abstract idea and clarify meaning in texts. It includes a topic sentence with one or more examples. It may be a story, and anecdote, a quotation, or a statistic. Topic Sentence – the general statement in the paragraph which is supported by details. Supporting Details – specific examples that add up to the topic sentence. Abstract Ideas – concepts that cannot be seen. (e.g. music, art, love, hope, sadness)

38. 38 Exemplification/Classification

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40. 40 First dates can be categorized as clingy, boastful, awkward or successful. The succes sful first date will be made up of both people expressing ideas about who they are, what they like and so on . These dates usually end in a plan for a second meeting. A clingy date will end up with one person almost begging to hear information about the other person. But the non-clingy person will not be interested. On a boastful date, one person will talk exclusively about their own talents or skills. The second person is not asked about themselves. An awkward first date will usually involve a lot of silence with both people unaware of how to act. Whilst there are many dates happening every day, they usually fall into one of these categories.

41. Comparison and contrast 41 a paragraph that demonstrates comparison and/or contrast examines how given subjects are either similar or different. Comparison examines how the subjects are the same. Contrast examines how the subjects are different. Using transitional words and phrases that signal comparison and contrast are highly recommended.

42. Comparison and contrast 42 One challenge teachers face is identifying and assisting students who are struggling without disrupting the rest of the class. In a traditional classroom environment, the teacher can easily identify when a student is struggling based on their demeanor in class or simply by regularly checking on students during exercises. They can then offer assistance quietly during the exercise or discuss it further after class. Meanwhile, in a Zoom-based class, the lack of physical presence makes it more difficult to pay attention to individual students’ responses and notice frustrations, and there is less flexibility to speak with students privately to offer assistance. In this case, therefore, the traditional classroom environment holds the advantage, although it appears likely that aiding students in a virtual classroom environment will become easier as the technology, and teachers’ familiarity with it, improves.

43. Cause and effect 43 When you use this technique, you are exploring why events occur and what happens as a result of them. Transitional words and phrases that signal causes and effects are suggested.

44. Cause and effect 44 A fresh water shortage is changing the way Californians live and do business. California’s fresh water is in short supply due to a record drought and rising temperatures. As a result, the state’s government enforced restrictions on water usage for cities and residents. Farmers have been forced to use costly groundwater reserves to grow crops. Snowless mountains have hurt the tourism industry, especially ski resorts. Meanwhile, drying forests increase the chances of dangerous wildfires. Without rain, Californians must continue to take measures to conserve fresh water.

45. Problem-solution 45 This pattern presents the readers with a problem (a cause) and some facts or reasons why it is a problem. The closing statement underscores the connection between the problem and the solution.

46. Problem-solution 46

47. Persuasion 47 This sort of paragraph requires convincing the readers that the opinion of the writer on a subject is the right one. Considering the type of audience and the kind of evidence your audience with likely respond to, are helpful.

48. Persuasion 48 Are you tired of seeing your paychecks slashed by unjust tax deductions? We work hard to provide for our families and then wind up only being able to live paycheck to paycheck. If you vote for me, I’ll make sure your taxes are lowered and you get the government services that you depend on. Imagine everything you’ll be able to do with more wiggle room in your monthly income. Cast your vote today.

49. Thank You! Have a blessed day!

50. 50 ACTIVITY: Direction: Identify what pattern of development is appropriate to develop the following topics. Write your answer after the topic. A portrait of your sister A memorable summer vacation in Japan What is love? Types of mail you receive Free medical care is right, not a privilege How fast-food chains differ from diners The meaning of poltergeist PBA then and now Why teenagers drink? How to eradicate drug addiction?