RCBOs voltage dependent offer and guideline to differentiation.pptx

A distinction to classify RCDs is related to the source of energy they use to operate. RCDs may or may not be allowed to drain energy from the mains to perform earth fault protection.
In the first case, RCD functionality is impaired whenever the supply voltage falls below a certain value. RCDs of this kind are therefore dependent on the mains voltage; thus, they are thus colloquially termed Voltage Dependent (VD RCDs) or �electronic (eRCDs)
In the second case, RCD functionality is not impacted by the mains voltage, since the device finds the energy to operate in the fault itself. RCDs of this kind are therefore independent on the mains voltage and are called Voltage Independent (VI RCDs) or electromechanical

1. RCDs voltage independent and dependent Differentiation and guide to a proper selection 2024 | D. Pandolfo_ELSB GPG Energy Distribution, Global Product Management March 29, 2024 Slide 1 © 2024 ABB. All rights reserved.

2. Products classification According to IEC product standards Note: RCCBs and RCBOs are generally called RCDs: Residual Current Devices March 29, 2024 Slide 2 People protection Circuit protection 1 3 People and circuit protection 2 1 3 People protection Indirect and direct contact (residual current to ground). RCCBs (Residual Current Circuit Breakers). Circuit protection Overcurrent (overload and short circuit). MCBs (Miniature Circuit Breakers). People and circuit protection Overcurrent, indirect and direct contacts (residual currents to ground). RCBOs (Residual Current Circuit Breaker with Overcurrent protection). 2 IEC 61008 IEC 60898 IEC 61009

3. RCDs classification A distinction to classify RCDs is related to the source of energy they use to operate. RCDs may or may not be allowed to drain energy from the mains to perform earth fault protection. In the first case, RCD functionality is impaired whenever the supply voltage falls below a certain value. RCDs of this kind are therefore dependent on the mains voltage; thus, they are thus colloquially termed Voltage Dependent (VD RCDs) or electronic ( eRCDs ) In the second case, RCD functionality is not impacted by the mains voltage, since the device finds the energy to operate in the fault itself. RCDs of this kind are therefore independent on the mains voltage and are called Voltage Independent (VI RCDs) or electromechanical VD and VI RCDs March 29, 2024 Slide 3 Voltage Dependent: VD RCDs Voltage Independent: VI RCDs

4. RCDs classification in product standard Differences between IEC and EN The reference product standards for RCDs for domestic and similar use are IEC 61008 valid for RCCBs and IEC 61009 valid for RCBOs. The standards are divided in two different parts, that must be used in conjunction: Part 1: general rules Part 2: applicability of general rules. Part 2 is different in case of RCDs VD and VI Taking as example RCBOs, the relevant product standards are: IEC 61009-1 + IEC 61009-2-1 for RCBOs VI IEC 61009-1 + IEC 61009-2-2 for RCBOs VD EN standard is derived from IEC standard with some modifications. One of them is that standard EN 61009-2-2 does not exist. Since part 1 can not be used without part 2, VD RCBOs for domestic and similar use are not accepted in Europe, with the exceptions of some countries that have adopted local deviations allowing the installation of VD RCBOs. Summarizing, the correct classification of RCBOs that should be specific on the product and on marketing material is: Voltage Independent (VI): IEC/EN 61009-1 in conjunction with IEC/EN 61009-2-1 Voltage Dependent (VD): IEC 61009-1 in conjunction with IEC 61009-2-2 March 29, 2024 Slide 4

5. RCDs classification in product standard Revision of the product standard Product standards IEC and EN 61008 and 61009 are under revision during 2024, with the introduction in the part -2 of a direct recall of the testing procedure present in part -1: in this way, it will not be clearly possible to use part -1 without mentioning part -2. This will help in avoiding an improper use of the standards and a misleading marking of the products, making clearer the difference between RCDs VD and VI. Following the new revision, the proper marking of RCBOs would be done even without mentioning part -1: Voltage Independent (VI): IEC/EN 61009-2-1 Voltage Dependent (VD): IEC 61009-2-2 March 29, 2024 Slide 5

6. RCDs installation in global wiring regulation IEC 60364-5-53 chapter The global wiring regulation IEC 60364 used as reference for state-of-art electrical installations, has a dedicated chapter IEC 60364-5-53 for the selection of RCDs. In the section 531.2.3.4 it provides the selection according to the accessibility to the installation. 531.2.3.4.1 In AC installation where RDCs are accessible to ordinary persons (BA1), children (BA2) or handicapped persons (BA3), residual current protective devices shall comply with: IEC 61008-2-1 for RCCBs, or IEC 61009-2-1 for RCBOs, or IEC 62423 for RCCBs and RCBOs 531.2.3.4.2 In AC installation where RDCs are accessible only to instructed persons (BA4) or skilled persons (BA5),residual current protective devices shall comply with: IEC 61008 (all parts) for RCCBs, or IEC 61009 (all parts) for RCBOs, or IEC 62423 for RCCBs and RCBOs, or IEC 60947-2 for CBRs and MRCDS Based on this, VD RCDs should not be installed in applications accessible to ordinary users according to IEC 60364-5-53 specifications. But the indications present on IEC 60364 wiring regulation, have to be adopted country by country with or without deviations. March 29, 2024 Slide 6

7. RCDs working principle The product architecture and functional structure of RCDs can be schematically represented as in the figure, with 3 main stages: Sensing stage Signaling process Actuation Observing the picture from top to bottom, it basically consists of means for sensing residual currents, functionally coupled to processing means that treat the sensed signal and provide a tripping command to an actuator. The actuator is tripping electrical contacts open, to break and de-energize the circuit. The basic working principle is the same for RCDs VI and VD, with differences in the signaling and actuation processes, including supply stage for VD RCDs. Voltage dependent and voltage independent March 29, 2024 Slide 7 — © 2024 ABB. All rights reserved. Slide 7 Voltage independent Voltage dependent Sensing Filtering Supply Tripping Breaking PE N L PE N L Power supply

8. → This is done by a differential transformer or current transformer (CT) receiving all applicable conductors as primary windings. The current imbalance on the primary windings produces a magnetic field imbalance in the transformer toroid, which in turn produces a voltage on the secondary winding. This output voltage is a measure proportional to the intensity of the residual current. High performance magnetic materials are necessary in the CT toroid, to allow for a high output yield from a very small residual current input. The voltage output from the differential transformer is advantageously processed by an electronic circuit that allows the desired frequency band of the signal to pass through, filtering little surges and spikes out. VI RCDs rely on purely passive processing circuits, while VD RCDs usually actively amplify the signal at this stage, by draining energy from the mains The output of the processing circuit energizes a suitable actuator . 1. Sensing stage 2. Signal processing RCDs working principle Voltage dependent and voltage independent March 29, 2024 Slide 8

9. RCDs working principle Voltage dependent and voltage independent When applicable, current interruption is triggered by an actuator receiving the signal processing output and delivering a mechanical action. The latter triggers a suitable kinematic chain, resulting in the opening of the electrical contacts. Said kinematic chain stores in one or more springs the energy required for a fast and effective opening and current switching. 3. Actuation March 29, 2024 Slide 9 VI RCDs rely on a so-called demagnetization relay as actuator, consisting of a magnetic circuit, including a movable anchor pushed by a spring and where a permanent magnet produces a magnetic flow. When earth fault current are sensed, their very small energy releases a bigger amount of energy stored magnetically in the demagnetization relay, which in turn releases an even bigger amount of energy stored mechanically in the springs of the tripping mechanism. In summary, VI RCDs use the energy of the earth fault current to trip the mechanism directly, thanks to the presence of relay. VD RCDs amplify the signal sensed in the previous stages with an electronic unit that acts as actuator and drain the energy from the mains. Therefore, VD RCDs can work only when a voltage is present, providing the proper power supply to the electronic unit. The product standard requires as minimum voltage 0,85*Un, and it under revision to reduce the value at 85V. Due to the dependency on power supply, VD RCDs are considered less safe than VI RCDs and they are generally not accepted in EN countries for ordinary users, but only in some specific countries.

10. Loss of the neutral A dangerous condition can arise if, in case of earth fault, the neutral wire is broken on the supply side of a VD RCD, while the corresponding phase wire remains uninterrupted. Contrarily to a VI RCD, a VD RCD will not be energized and therefore will not trip and protect. Electric shock seems unlikely to occur because it is determined by supply failure with contemporary fault and, at same time, the failure may be evident to the user because the appliances supplied by the same RCD stops working. Nevertheless, an unskilled user may not notice the failure of supply if no appliance is supposed to be switched on. This situation is dangerous because it impairs both additional protection and fault protection. Particularly, in TT systems continuity of neutral is generally not assured and earth fault current is not large enough to trip overcurrent protection. This is one of the reason that makes VD RCDs not accepted in EN countries for ordinary users, but only in some specific countries. In order to mitigate the problem of loss of the neutral, some model of VD RCDs are equipped with a functional earth (FE) cable. In case of loss of the neutral, the electronic trip unit takes supply from the voltage between phase and earth: even if only the phase is available, the RCD trips in case of leakage current. Risk for VD RCDs March 29, 2024 Slide 10

11. Differences between VD and VI RCDs Summary Working principle independent on the mains voltage: they take the energy to operate in the fault itself, having a relay as actuator RCD functionality is voltage independent, and it is guaranteed also in case of loss of the neutral (neutral wire is broken on the supply side) Product standard (for RCBOs as example): IEC/EN 61009-1 + IEC/EN 61009-2-1. Accepted by EN standard. (Only IEC/EN 61009-2-1 following the new standard revision). Required by IEC wiring regulation 60364-5-53 In AC installation where RDCs are accessible to ordinary persons (BA1) Power loss present only when loads are installed Working principle dependent on the mains voltage: they take the energy to operate from the line to supply an electronic unit acting as actuator RCD functionality is impaired whenever the supply voltage falls below a certain value (0,85*Un according to product standard) and in case of loss of the neutral Product standard (for RCBOs as example): IEC 61009-1 + IEC 61009-2-2. NOT accepted by EN standard. (Only IEC 61009-2-2 following the new standard revision) NOT accepted by IEC wiring regulation 60364-5-53 In AC installation where RDCs are accessible to ordinary persons (BA1). Only for instructed persons (BA4) or skilled persons (BA5) Power loss present also due to electronic unit supply Voltage Independent (VI) RCDs Voltage Dependent (VD) RCDs March 29, 2024 Slide 11 VI RCDs are the most common ones, installed in all the countries. In applications accessible by ordinary users, VD RCDs accepted only in some specific countries. vs

12. Why VD RCDs are installed Different variants of VD RCDs VD RCDs are used in specific countries where their installation is allowed according to local wiring regulation and standards. They are generally accepted in countries following British Standard (BS) such as UK, IE, AU, NZ, EG and Gulf countries. Focusing specifically on VD RCBOs, there are different types with different characteristic and a different installation method reflecting the installation habits of the country. VD RCBOs with flying leads, suitable for installation in Chassis Distribution Board These models can be with or without functional earth (FE) cable Due to typical installation habits, they are the only type of RCBOs that can fit the usual installation Due to particular shape and installation method, there is low risk that these devices are installed in countries where VD RCBOs are not accepted VD RCBOs without flying leads, suitable for installation in DIN-Rail Same shape and installation of VI RCBOs, they are generally installed since they might be more compact of equivalent VI solution, offering space saving in the installation If not specifically mentioned, the only way to recognize they are VD RCBOs is to check the declared product standard High risk of not recognizing VD RCBOs vs VI RCBOs March 29, 2024 Slide 12

13. VD RCBOs with flying leads In BS countries, the typical installation is in chassis distribution board: 3 phase incomer: MCCB or MCB or SD Different single phase outgoers in 1 module: MCBs and RCBOs The only RCBOs that can fit this type of installation are VD RCBOs in 1M (as ABB DSE201M series) with: Phase supply from the bottom Neutral supply from the top via solid cable (blue or black) to be connected to neutral terminal block Additional white functional earth cable (FE) to be connected to neutral terminal block, to ensure additional protection in case of loss of the neutral Without changing the installation and the working principle of the device, variants to this model can be: With or without FE cable With neutral switched or unswitched Installation in Chassis distribution board March 29, 2024 Slide 13

14. VD RCBOs without flying leads DIN-Rail Installation VD RCBOs for DIN-Rail applications are generally 1P+N devices in 1M, installed in the same way of VI RCBOs. They are chosen only for the compactness they are able to provide, not for other technical reasons. In the last years, ABB and few other manufacturers developed VI RCBO 1P+N in 1M, with the same shape and dimension of VD RCBO. In the marketing material, it might not be clearly mentioned if a device is VD. The only way to distinguish them is the product standard, that shall be clearly marked on the product, with IEC/EN 61009-1; IEC/EN 61009-2-1 for VI ; whereas IEC 61009-1; IEC 61009-2-2 for VD . (IEC/EN 61009-2-1 for VI, and IEC 61009-2-2 for VD following the new standard revision). Other additional elements, not required by standard, might be present for VD: The indication “VD voltage dependent” or similar The indication of the minimum voltage level where the device can guarantee the proper protection against earth fault current; for example, in the format Umin = xxx V. This indication shall not be confused with the minimum voltage level where the RCD test button can operate, that is also generally indicated on VI RCBOs, in the format UT_min = xxx V March 29, 2024 Slide 14 DS301C is ABB series of VI RCBO 1P+N in only 1M. Product standard IEC/EN 61009-1; IEC/EN 61009-2-1 reported on the product side.

15. ABB VD RCBOs overview March 29, 2024 Slide 15 Neutral Unswitched 1P+N Neutral (N) and Functional Earth (FE) cable Chassis Distribution Board/Din Rail DSE201/DSE201M Neutral Unswitched 3P+N Neutral (N) cable Chassis Distribution Board/Din Rail DSE203NM Neutral Switched 1P+N Neutral (N) cable Chassis Distribution Board/Din Rail DSE201NS Neutral Switched 1P+N No cable Din Rail DSN201E

16. ABB VD RCBOs electrical scheme March 29, 2024 Slide 16 DSE201/DSE201M DSE203NM DSE201NS DSN201E Presence of flying leads and neutral switched or unswitched is represented in the wiring diagram

17. DSE201 and DSE201 M overview March 29, 2024 Slide 17 DSE201 and DSE201M Unswitched neutral – with Neutral flying lead (black or blue) and functional earth (white) Suitable for Chassis and Din Rail installation 1P+N compact solution: 1M width and height 100mm for DSE201 and 115mm for DSE201M Supply from bottom side C, B tripping char up to 50A A, AC type 10, 30, 100, 300 mA 6kA and 10kA breaking capacity CPI window and earth fault trip indicator window on DSE201M; CPI green/red on the toggle on DSE201 DSE201M compatible with accessories, DSE201 no Produced in IT

18. DSE203NM overview March 29, 2024 Slide 18 DSE203NM Unswitched neutral – with Neutral flying lead (black and blue) Suitable for Chassis and Din Rail installation 3P+N compact solution: 3M width and height 117mm Supply from bottom side C, B, D tripping char up to 63A A type 10, 30, 100, 300 mA 10kA breaking capacity available CPI window Produced in CN

19. DSE201 NS overview March 29, 2024 Slide 19 DSE201 NS Switched neutral – with Neutral flying lead (black) Suitable for Chassis and Din Rail installation 1P+N compact solution: 1M width and reduced height of 86mm Supply from bottom side C and B tripping char up to 32A A, AC type 10, 30 mA 6kA and 10kA breaking capacity available (10kA up to 20A) Compatible with accessories G2C series CPI green/red on the toggle Produced in CN

20. DSN201E overview March 29, 2024 Slide 20 DSN201E Switched neutral – no flying leads Suitable for Din Rail installation 1P+N compact solution: 1M width and reduced height of 86mm Supply either from top or bottom side C and B tripping char up to 32A A, AC type 10, 30 mA 6kA and 10kA breaking capacity available (10kA up to 20A) Compatible with accessories G2C series CPI green/red on the toggle Produced in CN

21. — ABB offer of RCDs Discover ABB offer of Residual current devices (RCDs) In RCBOs section, it is possible to find the different solutions voltage dependent and independent.