REALISM and Naturalism Art movement Presentation by Anuj Kumar Maurya

Realism and Naturalism are two distinct art movements that emerged in the 19th century and share some similarities but also have significant differences in their approaches to depicting the world.

Realism:
Realism, as an art movement, emerged in the mid-19th century as a response to the romanticism and idealized portrayals of the world that characterized much of the art of the time. Realist artists sought to depict the world as it is, without embellishment or idealization. They aimed to portray everyday life, ordinary people, and the social realities of the time.

Realist artists focused on accurate representation and attention to detail. They aimed to capture the physical appearance of subjects and often depicted scenes from contemporary life, including urban and rural settings, industrialization, and the working class. The subject matter of realist art encompassed a wide range of themes, including social issues, politics, and the conditions of the working class.

Prominent realist artists include Gustave Courbet, Jean-François Millet, and Honoré Daumier. Their works often carried a social and political commentary, reflecting the social inequalities and struggles of the time.

Naturalism:
Naturalism, also known as literary naturalism, is an offshoot of realism that emerged in the late 19th century. While it shares some characteristics with realism, naturalism places a greater emphasis on the scientific and deterministic view of the world. Naturalist artists sought to depict human beings as products of their environment and subject to natural forces and circumstances.

Naturalism often focused on the darker aspects of human existence, such as poverty, violence, and the harsh realities of life. It explored themes of survival, fate, and the influence of heredity and social conditions on individuals. Naturalist artists aimed to provide a scientific and objective representation of reality, often incorporating detailed observations and research into their work.

Prominent naturalist artists include Édouard Manet, Émile Zola, and Gustave Flaubert. Their works delved into the grittier aspects of society and human existence, challenging traditional moral and social conventions.

In summary, while both Realism and Naturalism emerged as reactions against romanticism and idealism, Realism focused on portraying everyday life and social realities with accuracy and detail, while Naturalism took a more scientific and deterministic approach, examining the darker aspects of human existence and emphasizing the influence of environment and heredity.

1. REALISM & NATURALISM Presented by – ANUJ KUMAR MAURYA Presented to – Ar. REETA MAURYA

2. REALISM Realism was an art movement that emerged in the mid-19th century in Europe, primarily in France, and spread to other parts of the world. It was a reaction against the idealism and romanticism of the previous era and aimed to depict the world as it really was, without idealization or distortion. Realist artists sought to capture everyday life and ordinary people, as well as social and political issues of their time, such as poverty, injustice, and industrialization. They focused on accurate representation, attention to detail, and the use of natural light and color s. Some of the most famous Realist artists include Gustave Courbet, Jean-Francois Millet, Honore Daumier, and Winslow Homer . Realism had a significant influence on later art movements, including Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, and Social Realism.

3. MEANING OF REALISM Realism is a broad term used to describe a variety of movements in art, literature, and philosophy that emphasize the accurate representation of reality. In art, realism is characterized by a focus on the depiction of everyday life, and the rejection of idealized or stylized representations. This often involves a meticulous attention to detail. Realists reject metaphysical or supernatural explanations in favor of explanations grounded in observable phenomena. Overall, realism is characterized by a concern with the world as it is, rather than as it might be imagined or idealized.

4. Barbizon school The Barbizon School was an influential art movement that emerged in France in the mid-19th century . It is named after the village of Barbizon, near the Forest of Fontainebleau, which was a popular location for landscape painting. The artists of the Barbizon School were interested in painting the natural world and capturing the effects of light and atmosphere on the landscape . They rejected the idealized landscapes of the previous generation of painters and instead focused on painting what they saw directly in nature.

5. The Barbizon artists also played an important role in the development of plein air painting, which involves painting outdoors directly from nature . They believed that this was the best way to capture the subtleties of light and color in the landscape. Some of the most famous artists associated with the Barbizon School include Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Théodore Rousseau, Charles-François Daubigny, and Jean-François Millet . Their influence can be seen in the work of later movements such as Impressionism and the Hudson River School in the United States.

6. Main artist Gustave Courbet - "The Stonebreakers," "A Burial at Ornans," "The Painter's Studio“ Auguste rodin – the thinker (sculpture), the kiss, the gates of hell Vincent van gogh – the potato eaters Edouard Manet - "Olympia," "Luncheon on the Grass," "A Bar at the Folies-Bergere" Winslow Homer - "Snap the Whip," "The Gulf Stream," "Breezing Up (A Fair Wind)“ Jean-Francois Millet - "The Gleaners," "The Angelus," "The Sower"

7. Gustave Courbet Gustave Courbet was a French painter known for his Realist style of painting, which emphasized the accurate depiction of reality. Courbet's techniques were grounded in his belief that painting should represent the world as it truly is, rather than idealizing or romanticizing it.

8. artwork The Stonebreakers A Burial at Ornans

9. artwork The Painter's Studio

10. Auguste rodin Auguste Rodin was a French sculptor known for his innovative techniques and his ability to convey intense emotions and movement through his works. Some of his most famous sculptures include "The Thinker" and "The Kiss." Rodin's technique involved a process of building up and modeling his sculptures in clay or plaster, often incorporating elements of fragmentation and abstraction. He believed that the surface of the sculpture should be as important as the form itself.

11. sculptor the thinker the kiss

12. sculptor The Gates of Hell

13. Vincent van gogh Vincent van Gogh was a Dutch Post-Impressionist painter known for his bold use of color and expressive brushwork. He is considered one of the most important artists of the 19th century. Van Gogh's technique involved the use of thick layers of paint, often applied with bold and expressive brushstrokes. He used vibrant, contrasting colors to create a sense of movement and energy in his works, and he often used a technique called impasto to create a three-dimensional effect on the canvas.

14. artwork the potato eaters

15. Winslow Homer Winslow Homer was an American painter who lived from 1836 to 1910. He is known for his realistic depictions of American life, particularly scenes of the sea and rural life. Homer used a variety of techniques in his paintings, but he is especially known for his use of watercolors and oils. In his watercolor paintings, Homer used a wet-on-wet technique, which involves applying wet paint to a wet paper surface. This allowed the colors to blend and create a soft, atmospheric effect.

16. artwork Snap the Whip The Gulf Stream

17. artwork Breezing Up (A Fair Wind)

18. Jean-Francois Millet Jean-Francois Millet was a French painter who lived from 1814 to 1875. He is known for his realistic depictions of rural life, particularly the lives of peasants and farmers. Millet used a variety of techniques in his paintings, but he is especially known for his use of oil paints. Millet's oil paintings are characterized by their earthy colors and a thick, impasto style, with visible brushstrokes and texture.

19. artwork The Gleaners The Angelus

20. artwork The Sower

21. NATURALISM Naturalism is an art movement that emerged in the late 19th century and is characterized by its emphasis on representing the natural world in a highly realistic and objective manner . This movement was a reaction against the romanticism and idealism that dominated the art world at the time. Naturalist artists sought to depict everyday life and the world around them with accuracy and detail, often depicting scenes of rural life, landscapes, and portraits of everyday people. They used techniques such as careful observation, detailed brushwork , and a focus on light and shadow to create highly realistic and believable images . Some notable Naturalist artists include jules bastien lepage , john constable, and Thomas cole . Naturalism had a significant impact on the development of modern art, influencing movements such as Impressionism and Realism.

22. MEANING OF NATURALISM Naturalism in art is a style of art that attempts to replicate the appearance of the natural world as accurately as possible. This style of art is often associated with realism, as it seeks to represent the world as it is, without idealization or embellishment. Naturalism in art can be seen in various forms throughout history, from ancient Greek and Roman sculptures that depict human figures in realistic poses and proportions to the landscape paintings of the 19th century that aim to capture the natural world in all its glory.

23. In the 19th century, the term naturalism was also used to describe a specific artistic movement, which emerged as a reaction to the idealization and romanticization of nature that was prevalent in art at the time. Naturalist artists sought to create works that were grounded in scientific observation and depicted the world in a manner that was faithful to nature , without any added subjective interpretation or symbolism . Some famous naturalist artists include john constable, who is known for his realistic depictions of rural life and landscapes, and Thomas cole , who painted scenes of peasants and farm life in a naturalistic style.

24. Main artist John Constable Jules Bastien-Lepage Thomas cole Key works: "The Hay Wain, the white horse" by John Constable "Les Foins (The Hay Harvest), october" by Jules Bastien-Lepage "The oxbow, distant view of niagara falls by Thomas cole

25. John Constable John Constable was an English landscape painter known for his naturalistic depictions of the English countryside. He was a key figure in the Romantic movement and his paintings often celebrated the beauty and majesty of nature. One of Constable's key techniques was his use of broken color, which involved applying small strokes of paint to the canvas to create a sense of shimmering light and movement.

26. artwork The Hay Wain the white horse

27. artwork portrait of a man

28. Jules Bastien-Lepage Jules Bastien-Lepage was a French Realist painter known for his naturalistic and atmospheric style of painting. He was particularly interested in capturing the everyday lives of rural people and the beauty of the French countryside. Bastien-Lepage's technique involved a meticulous observation of nature and a careful attention to detail. He often painted directly from life, working outdoors to capture the changing effects of light.

29. artwork Les Foins (The Hay Harvest) october

30. Thomas cole Thomas Cole was an American painter who was part of the Hudson River School, a group of landscape painters who were active in the mid-19th century. He is known for his romantic and idealized depictions of the American wilderness. Cole's technique involved a careful observation of nature and a focus on the effects of light and atmosphere on the landscape.

31. artwork The oxbow distant view of niagara falls

32. DIFFERENCE Subject matter : Realism depicts everyday life and situations in a straightforward manner, while Naturalism focuses more on the natural world and human experience in a more poetic or emotional way. Style : Realism is characterized by a detailed, almost photographic representation of subjects, while Naturalism tends to be more loose and expressive. Emphasis : Realism emphasizes the objective and the observable, while Naturalism emphasizes the subjective and the emotional.

33. Purpose : Realism seeks to depict reality as it is, while Naturalism seeks to convey the inner experience of the subject matter. Time period : Realism emerged in the mid-19th century, while Naturalism emerged in the late 19th century. Influence : Realism was influenced by the rise of scientific thinking and the desire to capture the truth of everyday life, while Naturalism was influenced by the ideas of Charles Darwin and the desire to explore the natural world in a more emotional and artistic way.

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