REALISM IN EDUCATION

THIS presentation is about the PHILOSOPHY OF REALISM IN EDUCATION.
One can find here the:
general principles of realism
most common and well-known realist
most common form of realism
aims in education
roles of teachers, and;
some teaching methods a teacher can use if he/she is to apply realism in the classroom.

1. REALISM IN PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION BY: JASON E. DUQUE LILY ROSEMARY L. MASILANG

2. TOPICS: NATURE OF REALISM Meaning of Realism PHILOSOPHY OF REALISM Facts about the Philosophy of Realism Fundamental Principles of Realism Values in Realism FORMS OF REALISM Scholastic Realism Humanistic Realism Social Realism Sense Realism Neo-Realism

3. TOPICS: IMPLICATION OF REALISM IN EDUCATION Realism and Aim of Education Realism and Curriculum Realism and the Teacher Methods of Teaching School Organization Influenced by Realism Realism and the classroom Conclusion

4. NATURE OF REALISM

5. Meaning Of Realism The term realism come from the L atin “realists” who is to be really, really real. Realism refers to the things exist whether or not the human mind perceives them.

6. Did you know that … Aristotle was the leading proponent of realism and the first philosopher to develop a systematic theory of logic. In a more deeper meaning of realism, it is a philosophy that assumes that there is a real external world that can be recognized.

7. THOMAS AQUINAS God made it possible to acquire true knowledge so that we may know Him better. Because we are children of God , our best thinking should agree with Christian tenets . Each person is born with an immortal soul . Aquinas epitomized the scholasticism of the Middle Ages. Scholasticism is an approach that emphasized the human’s eternal soul and salvation .

8. REALISTS ARISTOTLE THOMAS AQUINAS

9. PHILISOPHY OF REALISM

10. Facts about the Philosophy of Realism Philosopher who profess realism also believes that truth consist in a beliefs’ correspondence to reality. Realism believes in the world which we see or perceive to be true. Realists believe in the present life.

11. Facts about the Philosophy of Realism Realists believe in the truth of life and aim of life are in the development of unsystematic life . Knowledge is real and can be assimilated by the human beings . Realists distinguish between “appearance” and “reality”.

12. Facts about the Philosophy of Realism Individuals does not make reality, they only discover it . Realists tend to believe that what we believe now is only an approximation of reality and that every new observation brings us closer to understanding reality.

13. Five Fundamental Principles of Realism Phenomenal world is true. Senses are the doors of knowledge. Opposition of Idealism Man is a part of material world. Emphasis on experiment and observation.

14. General Aspects of Realism Existence- realists claim about existence. Independence

15. Values in Realism External world is the reality. Man will discover reality with the use of science and common sense through education or learning . Mind is functioning & is geared towards creativity. Reality can be proved by observation, experience, experiment and scientific reasoning .   Values must be studied to be applied in the actual setting.

16. FORMS OF REALISM IN EDUCATION

17. SCHOLASTIC REALISM It started when medieval thinkers wanted to bring together a relation between faith (Christian theology) and reason (Classical Philosophy). St. Thomas Aquinas who wrote Summa Theologica used philosophy to help explain the doctrine and mysteries of the church. Characteristics: Relied on authorities from the past; Synthesizing of knowledge; Deductive approach to reasoning; Use of syllogistic logic

18. SCHOLASTIC REALISM Scholastic schools had two methods of teaching : 1."lectio" (the simple reading of a text by a teacher/ no questions were permitted); 2. " disputatio " (where question to be disputed was announced beforehand ) Education is the process by which he lifts himself up to the eternal.

19. HUMANISTIC REALISM It sprang up after the renaissance. It studies the present solution to each problem of life Aimed to secure a knowledge of human society and its institutions of nature and man’s reactions to nature, chiefly through the content and not the form of classics.

20. HUMANISTIC REALISM John Milton E ducation must prepare one for life in the real world . Francois Rabelais Education is gained through books, though emphasis should be on the mastery of their content and their actual use in one’s life. Education should be attractive rather than compulsive.

21. HUMANISTIC REALISTS John Milton Francois Rabelais

22. SOCIAL REALISM Social Realism in education is the reaction against a type of education that produces scholars and professional men to the neglect of the man of affairs i.e. practice . Education should not produce men who are unfit in social life. The purpose of education, according to social realists, is to prepare the practical man of the world.

23. SOCIAL REALISM Reaction against a type of education that produces scholars and professional men to the neglect of the man of practice Aim: To train a “gentleman” for active participation in social life and social judgment and to prepare the practical man of the world Social realists follow the method of travel of journey method.

24. SOCIAL REALISM Direct contact with things, people & social conditions thru travel rather than books. Study of gymnastics, sports, riding, modern languages, customs of other countries Study of one’s self but also others Social realism explains that education should equip learners for a happy and successful life as a man of the world.

25. SOCIAL REALISM According to Montaigne,' The aim of education is to inculcate intellect & logic in man by which he can lie his life well.’ He emphasized a teaching method which was according to the natural tendencies & development of a child. He was against expressionistic discipline. He said, & quote “To make it of any real value you must not only get it into their minds but espouse them to it.”

26. John L ocke Lord Montaigne SOCIAL REALISTS

27. SENSE REALISM The sense realism in education emphasizes the training of the senses. Senses are the gateways of knowledge and learning takes place the operation of the senses. According to sense-realists nature is the treasure house of all knowledge and this knowledge can be obtained through the training of the senses.

28. SENSE REALISM Sense-realism attached more importance to the study of natural sciences and contemporary social life . Aim: To develop a natural society by working in accord with the laws of nature Purpose : Happiness with God Thru education , man can still know laws of nature and thereby control nature.

29. SENSE REALISM It came into being in the 17 th century according to which knowledge can be gained through our senses. Hence a child should be trained with the help of objects. According to Munroe ,scientific researches have influenced sense realism. Hence the child should be bought in contact with the nature.

30. SENSE REALISM It has preferred education of nature, observation, science in place of language & literature. Teaching methods should be scientific inductive, based on observation, analysis, synthesis. Stressed on physical education. 

31. SENSE REALISM The sense-realists emphasized the three things : a)      Application of inductive method formulated by Bacon in order to organize and simplify the instructional process. b)     To replace instruction in Latin by the instruction in Vernacular, and c)      To substitute new scientific and social studies in place of the studies in language and literature.

32. SENSE REALISTS Richard Mulcaster (1531-1611) Francis Bacon (1561-1626) Wolfgang Ratke (1571 to 1635) Comenius  (1592-1670)

33. NEO-REALISM Neo-Realism is really a philosophical thought . It appears the methods and results of modern development in physics. They do not consider the scientific principles everlasting while they express the changeability in them. They support the education of art with the science and analytical system of education with the humanistic feelings.

34. NEO-REALISTS Bertrand Russell Alfred North Whitehead

35. EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF REALISM

36. REALISM Reality (ontology) A world of things Truth or knowledge (epistemology) Correspondence and sensation (as we see it) Goodness (axiology) Laws of nature Teaching reality doctrine Subjects of physical world: math, science, social studies Teaching truth Teaching for mastery of information: demonstrate, recite Teaching goodness Training in rules of conduct Why schools exist To reveal the order of the world and universe What should be taught Laws of physical reality Role of the teacher Displays, imparts knowledge Role of the student Manipulates, passive participation School's attitude towards change Always coming toward perfection, orderly change

37. Realism and Aims of Education Preparing the Child for happy and successful life Preparing the child for a real life Developing the physical and mental powers of the child Developing and training of senses Acquainting the child with nature and social environment Imparting vocational education

38. Realism and Aims of Education Understanding the material world through inquiry A study of science and the scientific method A need to know the world in order to ensure survival and good life Basic, essential knowledge with a no-nonsense approach Transmit culture and develop human nature

39. Realism and Aims of Education The GOAL OF EDUCATION IS TO HELP INDIVIDUALS UNDERSTAND & APPLY THE PRINCIPLES OF SCIENCE TO HELP SOLVE THE PROBLEMS IN THE WORLD

40. Realism and Curriculum Developed according to Utility and Needs Subjects concerning day to day activities Main subjects are – natural science, physical science, health culture, physical exercise, math, geography, history, astronomy

41. Realism and the Teacher Supreme – brings the child in touch with external realities of life Imparts scientific knowledge in an easy and effective way Gets testing results that can help prove that the students are learning the material

42. Realism and the Teacher A teacher should be educated and well versed with the customs of belief and rights and duties of people, and the trends. He must have full mastery of the knowledge of present life. He must be able to expose and guide the student towards the hard realities of life. (neither pessimist, nor optimist)

43. Realism and the Teacher He must be able to co-relate between utility in daily life and education. He should define simple rules. He should teach subjects in proper order. He needs to find out the interest of the child and to teach accordingly.

44. Methods of Teaching Emphasis on critical reasoning through observation Supports accountability and performance-based teaching Scientific research and development Mastery of facts : Recitation, experimentation, demonstration, drills, exercises Education should proceed from simple to complex and from concrete to abstract .

45. Methods of Teaching Enhanced learning thru direct or indirect experiences: Field trips, lectures, films, TV, audio-visual aids, computer technology & library. Learning is based on facts – analysis – questioning. Vernacular to be the medium of instruction. Precision and order : ringing bells, time periods, daily lesson plans, pre-packaged curriculum materials Children should be given positive rewards

46. School Organization Influenced by Realism School organization would be based on the real needs of society . (not due to politics) The opening of science classes in every school is a must. Co-education is a natural happening so it cannot be rejected. School is the mirror of the society . It is a miniature form of society and it presents the real picture of the society.

47. Realism in the Classroom Focuses on the basics of reading, writing and arithmetic. Classroom environment is highly structured and organized. Utilization of standardized testing. Education should be fun and interesting for the student. Education should prepare students for life in the real world.

48. CONCLUSION Use of scientific investigation and senses in order to learn. Focus on the physical world, arguing that reality, knowledge and value exist independent of the mind. This physical world is composed of matter . Realists believe that schools should promote human rationality through observation and experimentation . Realist teachers believe in the importance of experimental learning . Students have to take a hands-on approach.

49. CONCLUSION Realism is a Subject matter. It concentrates on the humanistic and scientific principles Its values is based on universal laws. Realist teachers focuses on teaching scientific methods of problem solving. Character development: teaching student’s accountability, rigor, and instilling practical knowledge. Realist teachers should be experts in their subject-matter.

50. REFERENCES: http:// www.articlesbase.com/education-articles/realism-in-education-1319851.html http:// www.slideshare.net/zainu3635/realism-6506301 http:// www.slideshare.net/annvitug/philosophy-of-realism-in-education http:// www.slideshare.net/jazzmichelepasaribu/realism-philosophy http:// handpfoundationsofamericaneducation.blogspot.com/2012/03/idealismrealismpragmatismexistentialism.html http:// instephshead.blogspot.com/2010/10/four-philosophies-idealism-realism.html

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