Realism of philosophy.pptx

Realism

1. REALISM

2. Realism is the doctrine that states that objective reality or material universe exists independent of the conscious mind, its nature and properties are affected by being know. - C.V Good

3. What is reality? That is observable by the five senses is called reality. The doctrine that universals have a real objective existence. Represents the theory that particular things exist independently of our perception Matter has its own existence independently of our mind. A doctrine that the objects of our senses exist independently of their being known or perceived by mind.

4. MEANING OF REALISM: Realism -is derived from the Greek word “RES” which means real which further is related to object. -is an attempt to portray life as it is. -the world is real and material. -considered as an educational philosophy which advocates that education should be concerned with the realities of life and should prepare a person for his/her duties in life.

5. Realism emerged as a reaction against idealism Realism accepts the existence of real things which can be comprehended. Reality, knowledge and values exist independent of the human mind. trees, sticks and stones exist whether or not there is a human mind to perceive them.

6. Ideas must be subject to public verification must be proven through scientific experimentation. Need to study nature systematically . Deductive reasoning - truth is derived from generalizations.

7. LEADERS OF REALISM: Aristotle (383-323 BC): A Greek Philosopher Profounder of Realism. Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626) John Locke (1690-1781 AD): An Eng. Philosopher who gave new impetus to Realism

8. WHO IS REALIST? A realist is one who believed in what he is at present with all his strengths and weaknesses and does not dwell in the world of UTOPIA. If anything found to be true on the base of observation or experimentation , only then it is to be taken true.

9. ARISTOTLE Ideas may be important but a proper study of matter could lead us to better and more distinct ideas. Golden Mean - a path between extremes. Balance is key - body and mind operate together in a balanced whole

10. JOHN LOCKE At birth, the mind is a blank sheet of paper ( Blank Slate )- a tabula rasa (theory) ( its impression through the Senses ) All ideas are derived from experience by way of sensation and reflection

11. DEFINITION OF REALISM: Realism is a philosophy away from the world of ideas. It concerns with the study of the` world we live in`. it against the philosophy of idealism. ACCORDING TO ARISTOTLE: ‘’The basic starting point for realist is the object of our senses exist in their own right quite independently of their being known by a mind. matter is independent of mind’’ ACCORDING TO DHIMAN: It is an attitude of mind, a mode of thinking and an attempt to explain the nature of things.

12. MAIN FEATURES OF REALISM Nature of Reality: Real is the world, we live in. Knowledge is derived from experience. Everything that exists is matter or energy or matter in motion. Universe is operated by the laws of nature. Truth can be discovered with the help of scientific methods. Material world has independent existence and it does not depend upon a knowing mind.

13. FORMS OF REALISM: Humanistic realism: This form of realism emphasizes the general human welfare through education by saying that human beings are the fundamental realities in the material world. Humanistic realism is the reaction against the emphasis on form and style of the old classical literature . It has great regard for the ancient literature but it emphasizes the study of content and ideas in the ancient classical literature to understand ones present social life and environment. The aim is not to study the form and style of old literature to have mastery over it. The study of old literature is a means to understand the practical life.

14. Social realism: The aim of this philosophy is to make human life happy and successful by fulfilling the social needs . The thing which is socially useful to us is only real. This philosophy opposed the mere academic or bookish knowledge and advocated practical education that can be useful to the individual in any way. Social Realism in education is the reaction against a type of education that produces scholars and professional men to the neglect of the man of affairs i.e. practice. Education should not produce men who are unfit in social life. The purpose of education, according to social realists, is to prepare the practical man of the world.

15. SENSE REALISM: Knowledge primarily comes through senses not from words. So, senses of a child should be used to the maximum in the process of education. The sense realism in education emphasizes the training of the senses. Senses are the gateways of knowledge and learning takes place the operation of the senses. According to sense-realists nature is the treasure house of all knowledge and this knowledge can be obtained through the training of the senses.

16. NEO REALISM: According to this philosophy, rules and procedures of science are also changeable. So, there is no permanent nature of truth or reality. Truths or values are valid in certain circumstances. Because of this reason the usefulness of a knowledge or value also changes with the change of time. Neo-Realism is really a philosophical thought. It appears the methods and results of modern development in physics. They do not consider the scientific principles everlasting while they express the changeability in them . They support the education of art with the science and analytical system of education with the humanistic feelings . They consider living and un living all objective to be organs and the development of organs is the main objective and all round development of the objects is the main characteristic of education.

17. PRINCIPLES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF REALISM: NATURE OF UNIVERSE: Universe is not only external but it is governed by the inexorable law. It seems less true in social sciences as compared to natural sciences, it is because that man has not yet perfected techniques of ascertaining and stating the laws of social phenomenon. 2. REALITY DIFFERS FROM TRUTH: Reality is concerned to what actually is and truth is its image. The teat of truth is its correspondence to reality. If ideas work, it is correspondence to reality. If ideas work, it is because they are true to reality and not vice-versa

18. 3.BELIEF ABOUT KNOWLEDGE: Senses are the gateway of knowledge. The impression and sensation which are results of contact between external objects and the senses is nothing but knowledge. Thus, knowledge is based on experience which is true. 4. OPPOSITE TO IDEALISM: Here there is no scope of imagination without experimentation at all. There is no existence of god, soul or heaven according to this philosophy. They are merely the product of human imaginations. Only matter is real because it can be experienced through our senses.

19. 5. NATURE OF MAN AND MIND: Man is a part of the material world so, he is also real. He is endowed with sense organs and the mind which help him in attaining knowledge so, they are real, being material in nature. 6. EMPHASIS ON EXPERIMENTATION: This philosophy lays much emphasis on experimentation and observation for acquiring knowledge. 7. BELIEF IN VALUES: Values are not permanent. They also change of time. These values are not derived from religion. They are rather social acceptability based on experiences.

20. 8. DIFEERENT FROM NATURALISM: Both naturalism and realism believe in the reality of matter and material world but there are differences between the two facts: Naturalism believes in ultimate reality of matter but the reality of realism is not ultimate. It is rather phenomenal. Naturalism always follows nature but realism can manipulate natural laws also. Values do not change in short period in Naturalism but in realism, values can always change.

21. CONTRIBUTION OF REALISM TO EDUCATION REALISM AND AIMS OF EDUCATION -Preparation for a happy and successful life -Education should prepare child for real life -Development of mental & physical faculties -Development of senses through experience -To provide knowledge of society -Child should be trained for a vocational pursuit

22. Understanding the material world through inquiry A study of science and the scientific method A need to know the world in order to ensure survival Basic, essential knowledge with a no-nonsense approach Intellectually-gifted student is a precious resource

23. Absolutist- Education should focus on the truth of the natural and physical world Empiricist - Teach students the scientific method of problem solving by exploring the material world Objectivist- Emphasize basic skills. There are objective skills and facts that all students should learn. Character Development: Establish high standards and increased rigor and hold students accountable. Emphasize practical knowledge that will prepare students for the world of work.

24. METHODS OF TEACHING: Direct teaching techniques are preferable. Students should be presented information in an organized, efficient and logical format. Given the “ information overload” in today’s society, it is important that “ non-essential” learning should be eliminated. Students should be taught based upon their strengths and abilities. Scientific testing should be used to diagnose and place students in settings most appropriate to their needs Technology should be utilized whenever appropriate in schools

25. REALISM AND CURRICULUM Curricula should be practical and useful Curricula should concentrate on the “Basics” and avoid fads and frills. Curricula should be highly organized, correlated and aligned throughout the scope and sequence offered by schools Curricula should be based upon pre-established standards and criteria. Curricula should be “ experiential” whenever possible

26. REALISM AND ROLE OF TEACHER: A Realist teacher should be a subject matter expert. A Realist teachers should be able to present material in an organized and systematic way. A Realist teacher should be able to explain the lesson objectives in a way that is understandable to the learner. A Realist teacher should be able to effectively assess students in such a way that all students are challenged and motivated to learn. A Realist teacher should understand current research and technology and be able to utilize it in the classroom.

27. REALISM AND DISCIPLINE Realism believes in giving considerable freedom to the child REALISM AND PUPIL . According to the realists the student is must be able to do a lot of things. they suppose the pupil is an organism with a highly developed brain. Pupil must be given freedom to decide about his activities.

28. EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF REALISM: Based on Science Based on present life of the child. Emphasizes on application of knowledge. Material education Freedom to the child Vocational education Activation of senses

29. ADVANTAGES OF REALISM Teachers: It gives testing results that can help prove that the students are learning the material Parents: gives a parent something tangible to look at Practical rather than theory. Science found place in the curriculum. Encourages scientific experimentation.

30. DISADVANTAGES OF REALISM: Teachers: Teachers are held accountable for how their students perform on standardized testing. Parents: When a child’s score isn’t what the parents expect it to be the parent looks for someone to blame. School Corporation: Schools can lose valuable funds because of test scores.