Recent methods of pest control

viz:antifeedants,insect attractants,insect repellents,genetic control and insect growth regulators

1. RECENT METHODS OF PEST CONTROL SUBMITTED BY: PRAGTI NEGI (3 rd year) Bsc agriculture CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY

2. PEST CONTROL:DEFINITION Pest control  is the regulation or management of a  species  defined as a  pest , a member of the animal kingdom that impacts adversely on human activities. The human response depends on the importance of the damage done, and will range from tolerance, through deterrence and management, to attempts to completely eradicate the pest. Pest control measures may be performed as part of an  integrated pest management  strategy.

3. RECENT METHODS ANTIFEEDANTS INSECT ATTRACTANTS INSECT REPELLENTS GENETIC CONTROL/AUTOCIDAL CONTROL INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS

4. (A)ANTIFEEDANTS/GUSTATORY REPELLENTS/FEEDING DETERRENTS/REJECTANTS a natural or synthetic substance that stops or inhibits feeding by a pest and especially an insect , when applied on the foliage without impairing their appetite. pesticides derived from plants such as the neem tree, which act as  antifeedants and repellents. Since insects don’t feed on the treated surface ,they die due to starvation.

5. MODE OF ACTION They inhibit gustatory receptors or taste receptors of the mouth parts of an insect.

6. GROUPS OF ANTIFEEDANTS TRIAZINES: e.g. -acetanilide ORGANOTINS: compounds having tin. e.g.- triphenyl tin acetate CARBAMATES: sub lethal doses of thiocarbamates are present. E.g. : baygon BOTANICALS: antifeedants from non host plants. E.g.-pyrethrum , neem apple factor ,solanum alkaloids :solanine and leptin.

7. CONTI.. ADVANTAGES Affect plant feeders ,but safe to natural enemies. pest not immediately killed , so natural enemies can feed on them. No phytotoxicity, or pollution. DISADVANTAGES Only chewing insects killed, not sucking type of insects. As the insect not immediately killed, they can move to untreated plants and damage them. New growth of the plant , is not protected

8. (B) INSECT REPELLENTS An  insect repellent  (also commonly called " bug spray ") is a substance applied to skin, clothing, or other surfaces which discourages  insects (and  arthropods  in general) from landing or climbing on that surface. MODE OF ACTION Influence both gustatory and olfactory receptors.

9. TYPES OF REPELLENTS PHYSICAL REPELLENTS Contact repellents :waxes , oils. Auditory repellents: make use of amplified sounds. Barrier repellents: tar bands or mosquito nets. Visual repellents: make use of yellow light. Antifeedants: insects not able to feed on the plant . CHEMICAL REPELLENTS PLANT ORIGIN/ NATURAL ORIGIN: oils from citronella ,camphor , cedarwood and lemon grass. SYNTHETIC ORIGIN : dimethyl phthalate , naphthalene, Bordeaux mixture, and smoke

10. (C) INSECT ATTRACTANTS DEFINITION: A chemical that lures (tempts to do something/to go somewhere) insects to a trap, thereby removing them from crops, animals or stored products. MODE OF ACTION : affects both gustatory and olfactory receptors. MELON FLY PHEROMONE TRAP

11. TYPES OF ATTRACTANTS (a)PHEROMONES:  is a secreted or excreted  chemical  factor that triggers a social response in members of the same  species . Pheromones are chemicals capable of acting like hormones outside the body of the secreting individual, to impact the behavior of the receiving individuals. [1]  There are  alarm  pheromones ,  food trail pheromones ,  sex pheromones , and many others that affect behavior or physiology. A fanning  honeybee  exposes  Nasonov's gland  (white – at tip of abdomen) releasing pheromone to entice swarm into an empty hive

12. (b)FOOD LURES Chemicals present in plant and animal hosts that attracts insect for feeding. They stimulate olfactory receptors.

13. (c) OVIPOSITION LURES Chemicals that governs the selection of suitable sites for oviposition by the adult female. Ex: corn attractants for H. armigera

14. (d) POISON BAITS It is a mixture of food lures and insecticides. The effort is made to make the bait more attractive to insects than their natural food. Also given to non insect pests like rodents and rats. Broadcast on a floor or spray to kill the inect .

15. (D) GENETIC INSECT CONTROL/AUTOCIDAL CONTROL Genetic control is a form of biological control of pest species which exploits the insect's mate-seeking expertise to introduce genetic abnormalities (typically, but not necessarily, dominant lethal mutations) into the eggs of the wild population. The effectiveness of radiation-sterilized males depends on the mating competitiveness of released males being adequate in relation to the recovery potential of and rate of immigration into the target population.

16. (E) INSECT GROWTH REGULATORS Compounds which interferes with the growth ,development and metamorphosis of an insect. TYPES: ECDYSONE /MOULTING HORMONE : causes defective cuticle formation. JUVENOIDS: compounds having juvenile hormone, found in the paper made of balsam fir tree. ANTI JH/PRECOCENES: compounds which would antagonize the JH activity and de-arrange the insect development. They affect insect diapause , reproduction and behaviour. CHITIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS: disrupt moulting by blocking the formation of chitin ( the building block of insect exoskeleton).e.g. Diflubenzuron , flufenoxuron.

17. THANKYOU.