Recombinant DNA Technology

This presentation is given by Miss Khunsha Fatima, Recombinant DNA Technology, its Basic Principle, Application and related topics discussed in detail watch the video for more concepts about the topic.

1. Recombinant DNA
Technology
PRESENTED BY: FATIMAH
SNDH BIOTECHNOLGY ASSOCIATION

2. Definition of Recombinant DNA
Technology
A series of procedures used to
recombine DNA segments. Under
certain conditions, a recombinant DNA
molecule can enter a cell and replicate.

3. History of Recombinant DNA
Technology
Recombinant DNA technology is
one of the recent advances in
biotechnology, which was
developed by two scientists
named Boyer and Cohen in
1973.

4. Basic principle
TheDNAisinsertedintoanother
DNAmoleculecalledVector
Therecombinantvectoristhen
introducedintoahostcellwhereit
replicatesitself,thegeneisthen
produced

5. BasicPrinciple Of
Recombinant DNA Technology

6. Applications
Large-scaleproductionofhuman
proteinsbygeneticallyengineered
bacteria.
Suchas:insulin,Growthhormone,
Interferonsand
Bloodclottingfactors(VIII&IX)

7. Production of Human INSULIN
•1)ObtainingtheHuman InsulinGene
Humaninsulingenecanbeobtainedby
makingacomplementaryDNA(cDNA)copy
ofthemessengerRNA(mRNA)forhuman
insulin.

8. 2) Joining the Human Insulin
Gene into a Plasmid Vector
The bacterial plasmids and the cDNA
are mixed together. The human insulin
gene (cDNA) is inserted into the
plasmid through complementary base
pairing at sticky ends.

9. 3) Introducing the
Recombinant DNA Plasmids
into Bacteria
The bacteria E.coli is used as the host
cell. If E. coli and the recombinant
plasmids are mixed together in a test-
tube.

10. 4) Selecting the Bacteria
which have taken up the
correct piece of DNA
The bacteria are spread onto nutrient agar.
The agar also contains substancessuch as an
antibiotic which allowsgrowth of only
transformed bacteria.

11. Gene Therapy for Genetic Diseases
Still in the experimental stages, it may be
possible to transfer the gene for normal adult
hemoglobin into marrow stem cells of an
individual with sickle-cell anemia. The goal is
to promote the growth of enough cells to
produce enough normal hemoglobin to
alleviate the symptoms of sickle-cell anemia.
One hundred percent (100%) is NOT required
to attain the alleviation of symptoms.

12. Safety Issues in Relation to
•Asbacteriaiscommonlyusedinrecombinant
DNAwork,therehasalwaysbeenaconcern
amongscientistsandaworryamongpeople
thatthereisapossibilitythatacloneofhighly
pathogenicrecombinantbacteriaweremadeby
accident,thenescapedfromthelaboratoryand
causedanepidemicforwhichnodrugswere
available.
•RecombinantDNAAdvisoryCommittee(RAC)
wasestablishedin1974intheUnitedStates,
whichrespondstopublicconcernsregarding
thesafetyofmanipulationofgeneticmaterial
throughtheuseofrecombinanttechnology

13. Two Types of containment control:
Biological and physical
Physical Containment
Effective biological safety programs were
operated in a variety of laboratories, which
include a set of standard practices generally
used in microbiological laboratories, and
special procedures, equipment and laboratory
installations that provide physical barriers of
varying degrees.

14. Biological Containment
Inconsideringbiologicalcontainment,the
vector(plasmid,organelle,orvirus)forthe
recombinantDNAandthehost(bacterial,
plant,oranimalcell)inwhichthevectoris
propagated inthelaboratorywillbe
consideredtogether.
(i)survivalofthevectorinitshostoutsidethe
laboratory,and(ii)transmissionofthevector
fromthepropagationhosttoothernon-
laboratoryhosts.

15. Dangerous of DNA
Recombinant Technology
It is always possible that an antibiotic-
resistant plasmid could be accidentally
incorporated into a dangerous pathogen with
serious medical consequences.

16. THANK YOU