Recombinant DNA technology ( vaccine)

Recombinant DNA technology (vaccine)

1. Submitted to, Miss P.Mala Assistant professor Department of biotechnology Periyar Maniyammai Institude of Science and Technology Submitted by, E Kaviya 123011356011 1 st year M.sc Biotechnology YBT201 - r DNA Technology Recombinant vaccine

2. Content : Introduction First vaccine Recombinant vaccine History Types Advantages Disadvantages MCQ Reference

3. Introduction Vaccines are products that protect us against serious, often deadly diseases, by helping our body’s natural defense - the immune system - to fight them off. Vaccines mimic what happens in the body when it is attacked by a germ (usually a virus or a bacteria) without making us fall sick.

4. First vaccine Edward Jenner was the first to test a method to protect against smallpox in a scientific manner. He did his study in 1796, and although he did not invent this method, he is often considered the father of vaccines because of his scientific approach that proved the method worked.

5. Recombinant vaccine Recombinant vaccines are created by utilizing bacteria or yeast to produce large quantities of a single viral or bacterial protein.

6. History History; In 1986, the Recombivax HB vaccine for hepatitis B was approved for human use in several countries, the culmination of research started by William Rutter, Pablo Valenzuela and colleagues in 1979 on the cloning of hepatitis B virus (HBV) antigens.

7. Types of Recombinant Vaccines: 1. Subunit Vaccines : subunit recombinant vaccines are the components (proteins, peptides, DNAs) of the pathogenic organisms. Example ; Hepatitis B vaccine The gene enconding for Hepatitis B surface antigen ( HBsAg ) has been identified .The HBsAg vaccine as a subunit vaccine ,is produced by cloning HBsAg gene in yeast cell .

8. 2. Attenuated Recombinant Vaccines: attenuated strains of some pathogenic organisms were prepared by prolonged cultivation — weeks, months or even years. Although the reasons are not known, the infectious organism would lose its ability to cause disease but retains its capability to act as an immunizing agent Example; cholera ,salmonella spp

9. 3.Vector Recombinant Vaccines: These are the genetically modified viral vectors that can be used as vaccines against certain pathogens. Advantages; Higher immune responds. More stable in various temperature. DNA vaccine are very specific in producing target protein

10. Disadvantages; The fact of DNA vaccine in the host cell is not yet clear. There are also exists a danger of cancer due to DNA vaccine . MCQ ; 1.who is the Father of vaccination a) Edward jenner b) louis pasteur c)Robert koch 2.which is the example of subunit vaccine a) typhoid vaccine b) Hepatitis B vaccine c) MMR

11. 3. when the 1st recombinant vaccine was approved? a ) 1988 b) 1975 c) 1986 The 1st vaccine produced against _ small pox b ) polio c)yellow fever

12. Answers ; 1.a) Edward jenner 2.b) Hepatitis B vaccine 3.c) 1986 4.a)small pox

13. https://www.chop.edu/centers-programs/vaccine-education-center/vaccine-history/developments-by-year#:~:text=First%20vaccines,that%20proved%20the%20method%20worked . https://www.unicef.org/armenia/en/stories/what-are-vaccines https://www.biologydiscussion.com/biotechnology/vaccines/types-of-recombinant-vaccines-3-types/10080 . Reference;