Recombinant DNA vaccines

This presentation deals about the production of recombinant dna vaccines and their advantages.

1. Recombinant DNA Vaccines By Prekshi Garg M.Tech (BT)- IInd sem

2. VACCINES VACCINES ARE NON-TOXIC OR NON-VIRULENT  PREPARATION OF ANTIGENIC MATERIAL THAT CAN BE USED TO INDUCE LONG TERM HUMORAL AS WELL AS A CELL MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE AGAINST PATHOGENS.

3. Ideal Vaccines Cost Effective Effective after a single dose Applicable to number of diseases Administered by oral route Could be given early in life

4. Recombinant DNA Vaccines DNA vaccines, also known as genetic vaccines, use the genetic material of the pathogen itself to immunize the individual. In this class of vaccine, fragments of the pathogen's genome encoding antigenic proteins are injected directly into the host cells where they can integrate into the chromosomal DNA. Expression of genes within the host generate foreign particles to which the host immune system responds. Hence, in DNA vaccines, an immune response is made against the protein encoded by the vaccine DNA. The DNA itself is not immunogenic.  DNA vaccines itself induce both humoral as well as cell mediated immunity.

5. Recombinant DNA vaccines are 3rd generation vaccines, that is, plasmids/genes are responsible for antigen formation. These vaccines can be administered through       * Intramuscular injection (intradermal injection)       * Gene gun delivery (involves pressure delivery of plasmid coated gold beads)       * Nasal spray

6. Advantages DNA vaccines induce both humoral and cell mediated immunity. DNA vaccines cause prolonged expression of the antigens, thus leads to longer protection. Refrigeration of DNA vaccines is not required which greatly lowers the cost and reduces complexity of delivery.

7. Limitation Only protein antigens can be encoded. Vaccines where polysaccharide antigens are to be used ( eg :- pneumococcal and meningococcal vaccines) could not be made.

8. Current Scenario Human trials are going on for DNA vaccines produced for-         * AIDS         * Influenza         * Ebola         * Herpes virus         * Malaria

9. Thank you..!!