Reconstruction and development

Crises management

1. Reconstruction & Development

2. Outlines •Introduction • Definitions of some terms • Principles of reconstruction • Disaster Management • The scope of a disaster may be • Sectors can be vulnerable to disaster impact • Phases of Disaster Management : • Definition of Recovery • Definition of Rehabilitation and Reconstruction • Aim of Rehabilitation

3. Characteristics of Reconstruction Post Disaster Reconstruction andRehabilitation Activities for speedy recovery in disaster hit areas. Governmental role in Reconstruction: Administrative Relief Reconstruction of Houses Damaged / Destroyed Military Assistance Medical Care Epidemics Corpse Disposal Salvage Out line

4. •Recovery, risk reduction and development •Factors affecting international development policy The role of disaster risk reduction and development • Sustainable development Out line

5. Introduction Disaster management includes four phases; mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Rehabilitation relates to the work undertaken in the following weeks and months, for the restoration of basic services to enable the population to return to normalcy. The reconstruction is a rebuilding measure that involves building the confidence, self-respect, self-esteem, self-dependency, mutual support and trust and the rebuilding of communities. In order to have a successful completion of disaster reconstruction it is important to include the participation of social actors of the community.

6. Definitions of some terms : Recovery :Recovery is used to describe the activities that encompass the three overlapping phases of emergency relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction . Rehabilitation : Rehabilitation includes the provision of temporary public utilities and housing as interim measures to assist long-term recovery

7. Reconstruction : Reconstruction attempts to return communities to improved pre-disaster functioning. It includes such as the replacement of buildings; infrastructure and lifeline facilities so that long-term development prospects are enhanced rather than reproducing the same conditions, which made an area or population vulnerable in the first place . Development : In an evolving economy, the development process is an ongoing activity. Long-term prevention/disaster reduction measures

8. Principles of reconstruction 1.In reconstruction the most vulnerable and marginalized sections like women, children, the poorest section of society, etc. are the primary stakeholders who need to be considered as partners in the empowering process . 2.The processes of recovery and reconstruction can go beyond the provision of basic needs. 3.The recovery activities, which include both short and long term, continue until all systems return to normal or improved status.

9. 4.The rehabilitation phase includes medium term interventions such as construction of transitional housing , provision of basic food to the affected population, provision of social services, road clearing , income generation , water system rehabilitation

10. The scope of a disaster may be One room One floor One building One organization One community One region One nation

11. Sectors can be vulnerable to disaster impact, and which, therefore, will require rehabilitaton and reconstruction inputs : Buliding Infrastructure Economic assets(including formal and formal commercial sectors,industrial and agricultural activities etc) Diminstrative and political Psychological Cultural Social Environmental

12. Aim of Rehabilitation 1.Enable basic services to resume functioning . 2.Assist victims . 3.Self-help efforts to repair physical damage and community facilities . 4.Revive economic activities 5.Provide support for the psychological and social wellbeing of the survivors.

13. Characteristics of Reconstruction 1.Must be fully integrated into long-term development plans . 2.Take into account future disaster risks . 3.Possibilitiesto reduce such risks by incorporating appropriate measures . 4.Damaged structures and services may not necessarily be restored in their previous form or location . 5.It may include the replacement of any temporary arrangements established as part of emergency response or rehabilitation.

14. Activities for speedy recovery in disaster hit areas . Damage assessment Disposal debris Disbursement of assistance packages Monitoring and review Cases of non-starters,rejected cases,non-occupancy of houses

15. Relocation Town planning and development plans Reconstruction as housing replacement policy Awareness and capacity building Housing insurance, grievance red ressal. Cont…………..

16. Governmental role in Reconstruction The contribution of both government as well as affected people is significant to deal with all the issues properly.

17. 1)Administrative Relief The issue of essential commodities , group assistance to the affected people , Damage assessment and administrating appropriate rehabilitation and restoration measures.

18. When a disaster is apprehended, the entire machinery of the district, including the officers of technical and other departments, swings into action and maintains almost continuous contact with each village in the disaster threatened area . Once the rescue phase is over, the district administration shall provide immediate relief assistance either in cash or in kind to the victims of the disaster. Cont………

19. 2)Reconstruction of Houses Damaged / Destroyed Houses should be reconstructed in the disaster hit areas according to the following Instructions: 1.Owner Driven Reconstruction 2.Public Private Partnership Program (PPPP ) 3.All the houses should be insured . 4.Financial, technical and material assistance provided by the government. 5.The designs for seismic reconstruction of houses provided by the government

20. 3)Military Assistance If the district administration feels that the situation is beyond its control then immediate military assistance could be sought for carrying out the relief operations.

21. 4)Medical Care Specialized Medical Care may be required to help the affected population. Preventive medicine may have to be taken to prevent outbreak of diseases.

22. 5)Epidemics The strategy should be to : Subdue such sources of epidemic diseases and immunize the population against them . Vaccination drives . Public awareness to drink boiled water . Use chlorine tablets to purify the water sources.

23. 6)Corpse Disposal Disposal of dead bodies is to be carried out as a part of the operation to prevent outbreak of epidemics.The following points may be considered by the concerned authorities at the time of corpse disposal: 1.Mass photographs of corpses . 2. Consent of the relatives or hand over to them

24. 7)Salvage A major effort is needed to salvage destroyed structure and property .Essential services like communications, roads, bridges, electricity would have to be repaired and restored for normalization of activities.

25. Recovery, risk reduction and development Disaster management is a development issue, with poorer countries at greater risk and less able to respond to natural disasters, and with is being seen as an increasingly important element of international development policy, alongside mainstreaming disaster risk reduction . For many reasons, disasters and development are inextricably linked and disaster recovery represents an important opportunity for making things better than they were before– ̳reconstruction-plus.

26. Factors affecting international development policy 1.Linking relief, rehabilitation and development (LRRD ) 2.Recovery offering an opportunity to improve things on the ground . 3.Public awareness of disaster risks 4.The existence or absence of a culture of preparedness

27. 5.The existence or absence of a culture of preparedness and risk reduction at the community level 6.The lack of an early warning system and knowledge of how to respond. 7.Local, preparedness is key‘ (Fritz Institute, 2005, p.8). Cont………….

28. The role of disaster risk reduction and development 1.It implies giving greater attention to pre-disaster planning and preparedness, and sharing the lessons from previous disasters 2.Much effort has gone into developing disaster risk reduction policy and institutions on a global scale.

29. 3.A sea change in thinking about natural disasters as something more than an ̳Act of God‘ occurred following a series of disasters with an International Strategy 4.Increasing recognition of the links between natural disasters and development and the particular vulnerability of poor people and poor countries to disaster impacts. Cont……..

30. Sustainable development The World Commission on Environment and Development (also known as the ― Brund tland Commission‖) has defined ―sustainable development‖ in terms of livelihood security

31. Livelihoodis defined as access to adequate food and cash to meet basic needs. Security refers to secure ownership of, or access to, resources and income-earning activities, including reserves and assets to offset risk, ease shocks and meet contingencies. Sustainable refers to the maintenance or enhancement of resource productivity on a long-term basis (World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987b).