Faculty of Archival Science, Bucharest, Romania, 2008
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THE THREE RECORDS THE THREE RECORDS
MANAGEMENT MODELSMANAGEMENT MODELS
Lucia Stefan
Archiva Ltd
RECORDS MANAGEMENT
MODELS
European Administrative model – Archival
model
AngloSaxon model – Lifecycle model
Australian Model – Records Continuum
EUROPEAN ADMINISTRATIVE
MODEL
No distinction between records and
documents
The word record doesn’t exist in many
European languages
Document management rules dictated by
administrative needs and managed by
administrative staff
No records management function, only an
archival function
EUROPEAN
ADMINISTRATIVE MODEL
Document life composed of two stages: current
and archived
Active records created and managed by users
No clear definition of time and no retention
schedules
Inactive documents are retained until appraisal
Appraisal made by archivists
Documents sent to Archives for permanent
preservation
LIFECYCLE MODEL
Model conceived by Phillip Coolidge
Brooks and Emmett J. Leahy of US
National Archives in the late 1930’s and
further developed by Ira Penn
Based on birth to death lifecycle
Time is linear and sequential
Defines differences between document and
record
Retention concept become important
LIFECYCLE MODEL
LIFECYCLE MODEL
Record lifecycle events:
creation,
maintenance
disposal (destruction or archival)
Creation/Capture
Records enters its active stage
Primary role as evidence of a business
transaction, administration or legal
compliance
Stored onsite
Managed by records managers
LIFECYCLE MODEL
Maintenance stage
Managed by Records managers
Active records stored onsite
Semiactive records stored on or offsite
Disposal Stage
Inactive records: trigger event starts
retention schedule: retention period
End of retention period: records destroyed
or sent to Archives for permanent
preservation
Archived record: secondary role as
historical evidence
LIFECYCLE MODELLIFECYCLE MODEL
Document creation
Published document: Record creation
Record use and maintenance
Record disposition
Repository management
Archive management
Records management divided in two
distinct phases:
the records management phase
the archival phase
LIFECYCLE MODEL
TYPE OF RECORDS
Active or Current records Used regularly and
frequently in day to day work of the organisation.
Semiactive or Semicurrent Records – Not in
use as frequently as current records, but are
needed for legal or operational reasons to be
retained. Required for compliance with
procedural / statutory / financial requirements.
Inactive Records – Records no longer required
for the work of the organisation. Subject to
appraisal procedures for final disposition
DEFINITION OF A RECORD
RECORDS CONTINUUM RECORDS CONTINUUM
MODELMODEL
Developed by Frank Upward
Defined by a Time/Space construct
Times is circular and continuum
Time has fours Axes:
Space has four Dimensions (Layers)
RECORDS CONTINUUM MODELRECORDS CONTINUUM MODEL
The Axes
The Recordkeeping Axis
Custodial history
The Evidence Axis
The record as trace and evidence of actions and their
role in collective and corporate memory
The Transactional Axis
The act, activities, functions and purposes
The Identity Axis
The creator
RECORDS CONTINUUM MODELRECORDS CONTINUUM MODEL
THE FOUR AXES THE FOUR AXES
RECORDS CONTINUUM MODELRECORDS CONTINUUM MODEL
The Dimensions
CREATE dimension
Creator and document
CAPTURE dimension
The recordkeeping system that maintains the
documents as trace and evidence of actions and their
role in collective and corporate memory
ORGANISE dimension
Recordkeeping as management function
PLURALISE dimension
Archival function to provide a collective social,
historical and cultural memory
RECORDS CONTINUUM MODELRECORDS CONTINUUM MODEL
The four Dimensions
RECORDS CONTINUUM MODELRECORDS CONTINUUM MODEL
Abolishes differences between archivists
and records managers:
Introduces one unique function to cover
both records management and records
archival : RECORDKEEPING
Abolishes differences between
organisation repositories and archives
Decisions on document/record
management and archival are taken when
the document is created
Documents archived permanently onsite
RECORDS MANAGEMENT RECORDS MANAGEMENT
STANDARDSSTANDARDS
ISO 15489 1 and ISO 15489 2
Information and Documentation Records
Management
ISO 230811 and ISO 230812 Information
and documentation Records
Management Processes Metadata for
Records
ISO ISO/TR 18492 Longterm
preservation of electronic documentbased
information