Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptx

Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.

Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal

Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:

Solid waste generation – collection – dumping

Good Practices:

• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.

1. CHALLENGES AND POSSIBLE INTERVENTIONS ON HOW TO ADDRESS REUSE / RECYCLING in Nairobi City Recycling  is the process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects. The Recyclability of a material depends on its ability to reacquire the properties it had in its original state. It is an alternative to "conventional" waste disposal that can save material and help lower greenhouse gas emissions. It can also prevent the waste of potentially useful materials and reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reducing energy use, air pollution from incineration and water pollution. Recycling is a key component of modern waste reduction and is the third component of the Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle "waste hierarchy.

2. World generates 2.12 billion tons of waste annually of which 59% ends up in landfills. Landfills releases toxin and contaminates soil and groundwater , emit green house gases. Waste in Nairobi city is largely collected by the county Governments while private operators dominate collection in residential areas at a fee. Waste collection in low income and informed settlements in mainly done by organized groups. Waste collectors obtain permits from the country Gover n ment to collect waste from designated areas. The solid waste management hiera r chy is considered as an integrated approach to protecting and conserving the Environment through implementation of various approaches of sustainable waste management. It establishes the preferred order of solid waste management alternatives inform of waste reduction, reuse, recycling, resource recovery, incineration, and landfilling Hierarchy of waste management Recycling including composting, Reduction on the depletion of landfills .

3. Nairobi is situated at in south- central Kenya, 140 km (87 miles) south of the equator. Its surrounded by 113 km sq. (70 m sq. ) and of plains, cliffs and forest that makes up the city’s Nairobi park. Its adjacent to the eastern edge of the rift valley, and to the west of the city are the Ngong hills mount K enya situated north of Nairobi and mount Kilimanjaro is towards the south east. Its the most popular city in East Africa, with a current estimated population of about 3.5 million, this makes it the 14 th largest city in Africa. Being Kenya’s capital and the arrival point of many visitors , its served by international lines, and a regional road network linking it to other East African urban centers. Nairobi too is a home to t h ousands of home to thousands of Kenyan businesses and over 100 major international companies and organizations including United nations Entities . Nairobi City-Kenya

4. Waste management is a growing problem in Nairobi. Increasing urbanization, rural-urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic, and other activities. This has lead to an increase while not accompanied by an equivalent growth in the capacity to address the problem. By 1992, from 800 to 1 000 tones of solid waste was generated in Nairobi every day, of which less than ten per cent was collected; by 2002, the amount had grown to 1 530 tones per day of which 40 per cent was either uncollected, or disposed of by burning or illegal dumping (Syagga 1992, CCN 2007). Waste in Nairobi comes from a variety of household, service, and industrial processes in the following proportions: domestic sources: 68 per cent; industrial: 14 per cent; roads: 8 per cent; hospitals: 2 per cent; markets: 1 per cent; and 7 per cent from other sources (NEMA 2003). Food waste, plastic, and paper are the most dominant forms of solid waste in Nairobi. One of the most ubiquitous forms of visible waste is the plastic bag. By 2007, over two million plastic bags were being handed out every year in Nairobi alone. Once released in the environment, they choke wildlife, pollute the soil, and serve as breeding grounds for mosquitoes. As of 1 January 2008, Kenya imposed a national ban on the importation and distribution of plastic bags less than 30 microns in thickness. Characteristics on waste management in Nairobi city

5. Summary of City-wide waste characteristics at immediate source and at communal collection points City-wide waste Compositions (%) Waste type At immediate source At Communal Waste Collection Pts Organics 50.9 43.0 Paper 17.5 12.1 Plastic 16.1 15.1 Glass 2.0 5.6 Metals 2.0 2.7 Other 11.4 21.7

6. “ Nairobi is an established hub for business and culture. The Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) is one of the largest in Africa and the second oldest exchange globally implying so much chal l enges come into play most especially the waste disposal issue in relation with littering at large.

7. Causes of littering in Nairobi City Construction Construction activities are one cause of littering since at big construction projects, many workers are at one place and often live in housing nearby producing large amount of waste. People are lazy Many people are just not willing to keep their trash and dispose of it in the next trash bin.They rather throw a way their stuff right where they stand E.g. Cigar Immaturity Immaturity of some people –If they saw that their actions adversely affect the environment, people would likely be more careful and avoid littering, assuming they are responsible enough. Since many young people are inmature and don’t care. Stubborn behavior However, not only young immature people may contribute to the littering issue, also old ppl who are unwilling to change their behavior may do so. People don’t care This implies that people are also forced by social norms, in areas with high levels of littering, people think its more accepted to litter and therefore are more eager to do so. Pack behavior We are all affected by the people who we spend time with, thus if we spent time with people that live their lives in an environmentally friendly way, we are more likely to also pay more attention. 01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06.

8. Causes of littering In Nairobi, the fines for littering are quite low. They may even be no fines at all. For example in Europe that many ppl just throw their cigarettes on the ground when they are finished. Lack of Education Education is always crucial when it comes to developing responsible behavior towards our planet. Many people simply do not know how their actions affect the environment. Not enough trash cans In some areas, there may also be not enough trash bins around. People are often not willing to search for trash cans for a long time. They don’t find right a way they are likely to throw their trash on the ground and thus to contribute to the littering Low fines 07 08 09

9. Waste data Analysis in Nairobi from 2000 Role of waste management policies to influence the predicaments in Nairobi City - Kenya Impacts of waste management predicaments on Environmental Health in Nairobi City Culture of 3RS – Reduce, Reuse and recycle foster positive waste management precaments in Nairobi.

10. Effects of littering in Nairobi Littering. C an cause the spread of diseases , depending on how the littering mass is composed of. I njuries – There may also be injuries caused by littering people are especially at risk wen the litter is composed of metals, blades or needles Social costs – littering also leads to significant costs in our society. Social tensions – littering may also cause tensions in our daily life. F or example , people argue about littering on a daily basis especially when someone throws garbage. Increased probability for fires – it may also contrib u te to fire if people just throw away their cigarettes any how. Breeding ground for insects – serve as a breeding ground for insects or pests. Soil pollution – Litter can be composed of several materials like glass, metal, organic stuff and so on. Decrease in tourism – Many poor countries rely on tourism since that is their biggest source of income. So they must keep in check knowing their nature is their asset. Litter kills wildlife – In this case, animals are innocent victims yet they get affected by litter every day. Litter facilitates the spread of disease i.e. Improperly discarded trash is a breeding ground for bacteria and diseases. High cleanup costs – Millions end up being spent for the above Pollutes the Environment – litter adversely affects the environment. Littering also affects the quality of life of people living in the affected areas. Water pollution – littering can contribute to water pollution in several ways. When ppl dispose of their garbage directly in the water, rivers can be polluted.

11. Advisely strategical flow on how to keep the city of Nairobi clean

12. Strategies to challenges on littering Gover n ment regulations Higher fines Government and cities should make clear that littering is not welcome and that it has severe environmental downsides. Should be communicated from politicians to people on a regular basis so that people get aware of this problem. People are usually quite sensitive when it comes to their finances. Right now, littering is not fined at all or just with a few bucks in many areas yet if we change that and the fine for littering will go up in a dramatic fashion, they will be more eager to avoid littering. Additional trash cans It can also make sense by providing additional trash bin in areas that currently lack a good supply. If people do not have to walk a long distance to find the next trash bins instead of disposing of their trash on the ground. Pick up litter In these way littering will be reduced rather reduction of waste from litter if we are willing to pick up trash from others. In this way, the trash from littering can be reduced. Community program There may be opportunities to set up community programs in order to show people the negative effects of littering and raise awareness on how to avoid litter forcing ppl to change their attitudes towards littering. Simple but yet quite effective measure, the adverse effects of littering can be reduced significantly.

13. Strategies to challenges Many people can gather and clean up parks or forests to get rid of the trash. Through this group efforts, people are likely to be more eager to gather trash and also to avoid littering in their own daily life. We have to also assure that our waste is disposed of properly. This means we should separate garbage in our daily life.Moreso, it has to be assured that industries have proper waste disposal processes and do not dump their trash in nearby rivers, lakes or other storage spaces in nature. Cleanup events Convince others We have to show people how their actions. In their daily life affect environment so education should start in schools since children are usually more willing to learn and adjust their behavior than adults. Noting students may convince their parents to pay more attention Education

14. “Propose solutions on challenges of additional trash cans in Nairobi City’’ From the technical point of view my advice would be to encourage provision of additional trash cans which would enable collection of litter from various points of generation / sources i.e. Homes , Restaurants, Hospitals, Offices, Markets, Industries as well as pesticides. There shall be no reason for littering once on additional trash cans are provided since the trash cans shall be available within easy points. Provision of enough cans in Nairobi city would always enable proper segregation. On litter at the various sources / points of generation i.e. plastics, paper, metal , Biodegradable litter etc. Segregation of litter would also enable; Reuse of some of the litter (Trash cans) Recycling of some of the litter reducing the cost of disposal Proper segregation of litter would enable proper various categories of litter hence reducing on environmental pollution. However provision of additional of trash cans alone may not solve the challenge of littering in Nairobi city. A compressive approach to solving these challenge on littering is required Example: After litter has been dropped in the trash can, additional strategy of regularly picking the litter must be developed by involving private in regular picking of litter in Nairobi city such that the picked litter is either. Re-use, recycled or disposed off appropriately through through incineration or disposed landfills , or composted proper disposal facility have to be established i.e. commercial incineration and facilities. Public education / awareness campaigns in educating on dangers of littering importance's of segregation of litters, fines associated to none compliant and or misuse of trash can. .

15. Whereas Provision of additional trash alone wouldn’t be enough to address the challenges on littering, I would therefore recommend a very compressive approach; Put in place legal and institutional reforms to create accountability. Work with land lords for example by ensuring procedures are followed especially on trash cans taken out must be segregated so as to encourage use of bio products like Briquette which is being made from the waste or cocoanuts. There should also be available signs / posters reminding people on the need / benefits of using trash cans. Government may also provide co-funding with an aim of targeting the most vulnerable like women / youths so as to encourage term to be part of the project. Ensure Trash can design areas by Nairobi city council Engineer are strategic to allow easy access by the population. Position trash cans at busy spots and space them accordingly. As a typical rule of thumb, think transition points by ensuring entrances of people trash are discarded especially in hospitals, schools but also the technical design must be done well to avoid mis-caps. Spacing by the city Engineers too plays a major aspect. A distance to the nearest trash receptacle increases is a key to solving such a problem. Placing commercial trash cans around city public parks or other areas tend to cut down on trash. Up the trash can count must be well design from the engineering point of view in sense the Nairobi city should improvise enough trash cans by way of placement , the number of trash cans so that a significant impact on how much litter is around the city of Nairobi to expect less litter so that people cant make excuses that they didn’t see any receptacles nearby. Introducing recycling bins in Nairobi city public parks or other public areas could also help cut down on trash and in turn cut down on litter. Keep trash cans covered implying the concept must be in an Engineering form so as to avoid blustering winds , and inclement weather since can easily prey on uncovered resulting in sopping , scattered litter after blowing a park’s trash out of the receptacle.

16. Use of colorful trash cans. This is for attention grabbing trash cans that. Stand out and are easy for visitors to find, consider using colorful trash cans for public parks recreation center , churches. Conclusion: For a cleaner, healthier environmental and society one must not underestimate the impact of trash cans put in more commercial trash receptacles. To combat litter. Besides, Nairobi city being a great city with many opportunities and challenges with respect to the environment. With more awareness and additional trash bin cans in the city would overcome challenges and have a healthy , clean and sustainable environment for the future. The environment is the source of life for all in Nairobi city and Environment awareness and some environmental efforts to ensure a better situation for the people and future generation.

17. A Picture is Worth a Thousand Words

18. " Littering is a crime, but they are not enforcing the law as it should be. There is need to educate the youths on why littering is bad and the effect litter has on neighborhoods ”

19. Finally ! Do you know what helps us beautify our Environment? ● By being simple, organize, honest as we play our roles. ● Global trotting , Perception and need to appreciate “every where’’ or one has what it takes in society to change the unexpected. ● In this way we will be respected due to the fact of responsiveness! And the most important thing: the Next generation finds a beautiful Environment so that they miss us.

20. Thanks! e inyur.un @gmail.com [phone] th .01.2022 -27 th .01.2022 Instructor : Dr. Anna Roliwicz Kalinska Presenter: Raymond Einyu Does anyone have any questions ?