Reducing the Operational Energy Consumption in Buildings by Passive Cooling Techniques using BIM Tools

This presentation is part of the completion of my minor project in the final year of my B.Tech Civil Engineering course.

This shows the process of BIM (Building Information Modelling) for reducing operational energy consumption in Buildings by creating 3D model in Autodesk Revit and performing energy analysis in Autodesk Insight in terms of EUI (Energy Use Intensity).

Abstract:
Enormous increases in energy consumption, its costs, and significant challenges posed by climate change have inevitably drawn the world’s attention towards the upgradation of energy efficiency and sustainability of buildings. Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been identified as an effective tool used for energy performance analysis of buildings virtually in the design stage. Applying passive techniques provides a promising and cost-efficient solution to reducing the operational energy demand and decreasing environmental impacts during the lifecycle of the building. This study aims to reduce operational energy consumption in buildings by optimizing different passive parameters. For this purpose, 3D modelling of a residential building and a commercial building is performed using Autodesk Revit and energy analysis is performed using Autodesk Insight. In this paper, various passive techniques like Building orientation, Window-Wall Ratio (WWR), Window Shades and Glass types, Wall and Roof construction, with BIM are assessed to investigate the efficient passive cooling measures on residential and commercial buildings according to climatic conditions of New Delhi, India. The results indicate that the annual operational energy consumption can be reduced to 17.4% in residential building and 16% in commercial building by incorporating passive techniques. The findings will be helpful in passive building design and development in India and contribute to further energy reduction and optimization to realize both energy efficiency and favourable building environments and thermal comfort of the occupants.

1. Minor Project Final Presentation on Reducing the Operational Energy Consumption in Buildings by Passive Cooling Techniques Using Building Information Modelling Tools Presented By: Saurabh Gupta (04315607920) Vikas Pal (05015607920) Guided By: Assistant Prof. Mrs. Ekta Dwivedi 1 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

2. Introduction Need of Study Objectives Literature Review Research Gap Content Methodology Result and Discussion Conclusion Bibliography 2 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

3. Operational Energy: Operational energy is the energy required during the entire service life of a structure such as lighting, heating, cooling, and ventilating systems; and operating building appliances. It constitute 80%–90% of the total energy associated with the structure. Passive Cooling Techniques: Passive cooling techniques are least expensive means of cooling a building structure which maximizes the efficiency of the building envelope without any use of mechanical devices. It rely on natural heat-sinks building material, air, water, night sky, etc. to remove heat from the building. Some of the passive cooling techniques are natural ventilation, shading, green roofing, insulation of building components, light coloured roof, louvred vents, glass glazing, etc. BIM (Building Information Modelling): BIM is a highly collaborative process that allows architects, engineers, to plan, design, and construct a structure or building within one 3D model. In this project, the BIM is used for analyzing energy performance of the building. Autodesk Revit, Autodesk AutoCAD, Autodesk Insight softwares are used. Introduction 3 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

4. Need of Study According to Sustainable Development Goals of India To be achieved SDGs by 2030. Goals like Sustainable Cities and Communities; Responsible Consumption and Production; etc. Webinar on ‘Energy for Sustainable Growth’ To reach Net Zero (Emissions) by 2070. Vision LIFE (Lifestyle for Environment) to promote a sustainable lifestyle. ECBC (Energy Conservation Building Code) To provide minimum requirements for energy-efficient design and construction of buildings and their systems. Mandatory for the commercial buildings and other non- residential buildings having plot area of more than 1000 sq.m. or built-up area of 2000 sq.m. Source: Himachal-Kerala-Tamil-Nadu-top-UN-SDG-India-index 4 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

5. Reduction of operational energy consumption To help in creating less negative impact on environment. To obtain better thermal and health conditions in building. To improve energy efficiency of building. Effectiveness of using BIM Identified as an effective tool for building energy performance analysis. Better for designing and implementing different design strategies. Perform energy analysis according to different geographical locations and climatic conditions. Objectives Source: passive-coolingtechniques.htm 5 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

6. Title Author Journal (Year) Major Findings Analysis of the effect of passive measures on the energy consumption and zero-energy prospects of residential buildings in Pakistan M. W. Anwar et al. Building Simulation (2021) Natural ventilation and front green wall was efficient options as provide savings in heating and cooling demand. Lower thermal resistance reduced the cooling demand. Impact of Passive Energy Efficiency Measures on Cooling Energy Demand in an Architectural Campus Building in Karachi, Pakistan M. Bughio et al. Sustainability (2021) Thermal insulation of walls was found to be best modification to reduce cooling energy demand. Replacing single-glazed windows with double low-E electro reflective glass reduced cooling energy demand. Impact of window wall ratio in office building envelopes on operational energy consumption in the temperate climatic zone of India Deepali Sahu et al. Innovations in Energy Engineering & Cleaner Production IEECP (2021) Optimizing 30% WWR for all orientations saved a total of 4% to 19% of the energy of building model. Optimized WWR can minimize energy demand and also minimize heat gains via window. Literature Review 6 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

7. Title Author Journal (Year) Major Findings Evaluation of energy use intensity (EUI) and energy cost of commercial building in India using BIM technology Sharda G. Mahiwal et al. Asian Journal of Civil Engineering (2021) Optimization of orientation had a slight variation at intervals of 45 degree. To reduce EUI rotation at 180 degree suggested for model building. Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs) and Insulation in roof also suggested. Energy Performance Analysis of Building for Sustainable Design Using Bim: A Case Study on Institute Building Ahmad Alothman et al. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (2021) Comparision of suggested parameters with the initial design parameters for whole-building energy analysis enhances the life cycle electricity, fuel use, and energy cost nearly 28.20%, 42.70%, and 22.30% respectively. Revealing the Impacts of Passive Cooling Techniques on Building Energy Performance: A Residential Case in Hong Kong Chuan-Rui Yu et al. Applied Sciences (2020) Infiltration and insulation improvement was effective in regard to energy conservation in buildings. Glazing of window effectively reduced the cooling load throughout the year. Literature Review 7 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

8. Title Author Journal (Year) Major Findings Optimising Embodied Energy and Thermal Performance of Thermal Insulation in Building Envelopes via an Automated Building Information Modelling (BIM) Tool Zixuan Chen et al. MDPI Buildings (2020) Insulation materials like cellulose, fibreglass and PUR were used for roof, external wall and floors with varying thickness which can increase energy performance and improve embodied energy. Evaluating the Effect of Different Passive Cooling Techniques of Roofs on Energy Consumption in Buildings in Upper Egypt Using BIM Nawal O. Ali et al. ERJ Engineering Research Journal (2020) Green roofs were found to be the most effective technique since it saves about 41% of the energy consumed in the building. Merging more than one technique was more effective, and green roofs achieved a remarkable saving in energy consumption in the building. Reducing the Operational Energy Consumption in Buildings by Passive Cooling Techniques Using Building Information Modelling Tools M. M. Ahsan et al. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (2019) Insulation material cellulose with optimum thickness value of 4 inches reduced 28% of annual thermal load of the building. Replacing single glazed windows with double glazed saved load up to 4.16%. Annual energy consumption of selected building was reduced up to 35%. Literature Review 8 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

9. Title Author Journal (Year) Major Findings Multicomponent energy assessment of buildings using building information modeling Premjeet Singh et al. Sustainable Cities and Society (2019) Variables such as orientation, WWR, wall and roof materials , etc. are examined to assess the effect on annual energy budget of the structure. Wall construction for building envelope is selected to be conventional timber construction with insulation . Integrated optimization with building information modeling and life cycle assessment for generating energy efficient buildings Mohammad Najjar et al. Applied Energy (2019) Applying the optimum component for exterior walls and windows could highly improve the life cycle energy cost in buildings. Reduction of about 45% for the annual fuel use intensity and the annual electricity use intensity. Energy Analysis of Buildings K. Deepa et al. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (2019) Autodesk Insight also give us an advantage of comparing two energy models with different shape, orientation and energy settings to achieve minimum energy consumption and energy cost. EUI value of the building has changed from 253 kWh/m2/year to 211 kWh/m2/year after changing various design criteria in the insight. Literature Review 9 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

10. Title Author Journal (Year) Major Findings Assessment and Remodelling of a Conventional Building Into a Green Building Using BIM Abhinaya K.S. et al. International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (2017) Green roofing, Glazing with low emissivity coating, Cork flooring and AAC blocks were used. The lifecycle electricity and fuel use can be reduced by 6.86% and 9.78% respectively from the conventional to green building. Reducing the operational energy demand in buildings using building information modeling tools and sustainability approaches M. V. Shoubi et al. Ain Shams Engineering Journal (2015) Materials such as double brick, timber, concrete floor-tiles, plaster insulation , etc. was more energy efficient than other materials. Annual amount of energy used for baseline design reduced from 17600 kWh to 12580 kWh. Integrating Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Energy Analysis Tools with Green Building Certification System to Conceptually Design Sustainable Buildings Farzad Jalaei et al. ITcon Journal of Information Technology in Construction (2014) BIM model was analysed using ECOTECT with gbxml and IFC file formats by using plug-in in Revit. Designers are able to select the right type of materials early during the design stage and to make energy-related decisions that have great impact on the whole building life cycle. Literature Review 10 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

11. Research Gap Lack of study of passive cooling techniques using BIM making the essential data requirements of effective passive cooling measures uncertain according to climatic conditions in India. Lack of study in the direction of both commercial and residential and comparing them at the same time. Lack of climatic data analysis and their comparison. Only limited software is used. Use of latest passive cooling techniques are not being applied in Indian scenarios. 11 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

12. Create Energy Model and Perform Energy Analysis using Autodesk Insight 2D/3D Modeling using Auto- CAD and Revit Collection of Data & Information about Proposed Building i.e. Literature Review Study and Identify the Parameters which can be altered Commercial Building Residential Building Orientation, Insulation, Building Envelope Wall/Window Ratio, Window Glass Glazing Applying Passive Techniques & Perform Energy Simulation and Optimization Result & Conclusion Methodology 12 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

13. Building Information RESIDENTIAL BUILDING Residential Building 3D View Render Image Particulars Specification Building Type Residential Building Residential Building Type Villa Built-up Area (342 + 324) m 2 Plot Area 1 00 m 2 No. of Floors G+1 Floor Height 3.05 m No. of Bedrooms 4 No. of Kitchen 1 No. of Store Rooms 1 No. of Dining Rooms 2 Garage 1 Orientation of Building South Facing 13 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

14. COMMERCIAL BUILDING Commercial Building 3D View Render Image Building Information Particulars Specification Building Type Commercial Building Commercial Building Type College Built-up Area (575+575+575) m 2 Plot Area 900 m 2 Perimeter 179.5 m No. of Floors G+2 Floor Height 3.6 m No. of Classrooms 6 each floor No. of Staircase Room 1 each floor Orientation of Building South Facing 14 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

15. RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL BUILDING 2D Plan Residential Building Plan Commercial Building Plan 15 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

16. RESIDENTIAL BUILDING (VILLA) Baseline Model of Villa in Autodesk Revit 3D Model 16 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

17. 3D Model (Views) East Elevation View South Elevation View West Elevation View North Elevation View RESIDENTIAL BUILDING (VILLA) 17 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

18. COMMERCIAL BUILDING (COLLEGE) Baseline Model of College in Autodesk Revit 3D Model 18 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

19. COMMERCIAL BUILDING (COLLEGE) East Elevation View South Elevation View West Elevation View North Elevation View 3D Model (Views) 19 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

20. Component Size Material Layer (Outer To Inner) Heat Transfer Coefficient (U) (W/ m 2 . .K) External wall 254 mm thick Cement Plaster, Brick Fireclay, Cement Plaster 5.3985 Interior wall 127 mm thick Cement Plaster, Brick Fireclay, Cement Plaster 8.9126 Floor 600 mm thick PCC Topping, Concrete 1.5661 Roof 240 mm thick Roof Tile, Cement Plaster, Concrete 4.4813 Doors 1800mm x 2100mm 900mm x 2100mm Glass Panel Double Swing Wooden Single Flush 5.6212 3.8042 Windows 900mm x 1800mm 600mm x 900mm Wooden Glass Panel Wooden Glass Panel 5.5364 5.5364 Components RESIDENTIAL BUILDING (VILLA) Components 20 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

21. Component Size Material Layers (outer to inner) Heat Transfer Coefficient (U) (W/ m 2 . .k) External Wall 270 mm thick Clay Tile, Cement Plaster, Brick Fireclay, Cement Plaster 4.3756 Interior Wall 250 mm thick Cement Plaster, Brick Fireclay, Cement Plaster 4.7833 Washroom Wall 140 mm thick Cement Plaster, Brick Fireclay, Cement Plaster 9.1083 Floor 160 mm Granite Flooring, Cement Plaster, Concrete 6.6061 Roof 145 mm PCC topping, Concrete 7.1132 Doors 1200mm × 2400mm 900mm × 2100mm Wooden Single Swing Narrow Frame Single Swing 2.5572 3.8042 Windows 1500mm × 1650mm 600mm × 300mm Triple Panel Glass Louvres 6.2439 5.6928 Components Components COMMERCIAL BUILDING (COLLEGE) 21 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

22. RESIDENTIAL BUILDING (VILLA) Components RB–V External Wall Brick Fireclay 254 mm thick in Revit Parameters Material Layers 22 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

23. RESIDENTIAL BUILDING (VILLA) Components RB–V Internal Wall Brick Fireclay 127 mm thick in Revit Parameters Material Layers 23 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

24. RESIDENTIAL BUILDING (VILLA) Components RB–V Floor Slab 600 mm thick in Revit Parameters Material Layers 24 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

25. RESIDENTIAL BUILDING (VILLA) Components RB–V Glass Panel Double Swing Door Size 1800mm × 2100mm in Revit Parameters Front View 3D View 25 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

26. RESIDENTIAL BUILDING (VILLA) Components RB–V Wooden Single Flush Door Size 900mm × 2100mm in Revit Parameters Front View 3D View 26 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

27. RESIDENTIAL BUILDING (VILLA) Components RB–V Wooden Glass Panel Window Size 900mm × 1800mm in Revit Parameters Front View 3D View 27 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

28. RESIDENTIAL BUILDING (VILLA) Components RB–V Wooden Glass Panel Window Size 600mm × 900mm in Revit Parameters Front View 3D View 28 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

29. COMMERCIAL BUILDING (COLLEGE) Components CB–C External Wall Brick Fireclay 270 mm thick in Revit Parameters Material Layers 29 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

30. COMMERCIAL BUILDING (COLLEGE) Components CB–C Internal Wall Brick Fireclay 250 mm thick in Revit Parameters Material Layers 30 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

31. COMMERCIAL BUILDING (COLLEGE) Components CB–C Floor Slab 160 mm thick in Revit Parameters Material Layers 31 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

32. COMMERCIAL BUILDING (COLLEGE) Components CB–C Roof Slab 145 mm thick in Revit Parameters Material Layers 32 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

33. COMMERCIAL BUILDING (COLLEGE) Components CB–C Wooden Single Swing Door Size 1200mm × 2400mm in Revit Parameters Front View 3D View 33 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

34. COMMERCIAL BUILDING (COLLEGE) Components CB–C Narrow Frame Single Swing Door Size 900mm × 2100mm in Revit Parameters Front View 3D View 34 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

35. COMMERCIAL BUILDING (COLLEGE) Components CB–C Triple Panel Glass Window Size 1500mm × 1650mm in Revit Parameters Front View 3D View 35 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

36. COMMERCIAL BUILDING (COLLEGE) Components CB–C Louvres Window Size 600mm × 300mm in Revit Parameters Front View 3D View 36 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

37. Location Settings RESIDENTIAL AN D COMMERCIAL BUILDING Location Settings for Analysis of Baseline Model of Villa and College in Autodesk Revit 37 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

38. Residential Building Commercial Building Energy Settings and Energy Model 38 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

39. Baseline Energy Model RESIDENTIAL BUILDING (VILLA) Energy Model in Autodesk Insight Benchmark Comparison in Autodesk Insight 39 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

40. Baseline Energy Model COMMERCIAL BUILDING (COLLEGE) Energy Model in Autodesk Insight Benchmark Comparison in Autodesk Insight 40 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

41. In the energy report, there are various passive cooling design strategies, like building orientation, window-wall ratio (WWR), window shades and glass types, wall and roof construction, available in graphical form to alter and control the operational energy consumption of the building. Graph from Baseline Scenario are given with them provided in Insight. Provide a building with passive thermal and visual comfort.  Minimize the energy consumption as well as maximize the ventilation and solar radiation throughout the building life cycle operation period. Parameters of Optimization Building Orientation Residential Building Commercial Building 41 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

42. Window-to-wall ratio is the measure of percentage area determined by the ratio of total building glazed area to its exterior envelope area. It is an important variable affecting energy performance in a building and determining thermal and visual comfort indoors. Window area will have impacts on the building's heating, cooling, and lighting, as well as the indoor environment in terms of access to daylight, ventilation, comfort, and views. Window-Wall Ratio Commercial Building Residential Building Parameters of Optimization 42 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

43. Commercial Building Residential Building Parameters of Optimization Window Shades Window shades reduce the direct heating of structure on the windows and helps in reducing direct cooling load and thus decrease the energy utilization due to heating and cooling. Its impact is depended on window dimensions and day-lighting. It is done to overcome thermal discomfort and overuse of energy. 43 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

44. Commercial Building Residential Building Parameters of Optimization Window Glass Glazing Windows are the primary source of summer heat gains as the opaque and transparent windows allow solar radiation to penetrate the building’s interior. Glass glazing blocks solar radiation that infiltrates the building. 44 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

45. Residential Building Commercial Building Parameters of Optimization Wall and Roof Construction Walls and roofs are generally the main components which form the building envelope so these components can have a sustainable impact on the performance of the building if designed properly. It represents the wall and roof construction ability to perform against the heating of the structural wall and roof. So that it provides resistance due to direct heat gain of the structure. 45 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

46. Result and Discussion Building Orientation 236.75 kWh/m 2 /yr 233.91 kWh/m 2 /yr Residential Building South Facing North facing 301.16 kWh/m 2 /yr 297.97 kWh/m 2 /yr Commercial Building South Facing South-East Facing 46 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

47. Result and Discussion Window-Wall Ratio (WWR) 233.91 kWh/m 2 /yr 218.63 kWh/m 2 /yr Residential Building 297.97 kWh/m 2 /yr 275.41 kWh/m 2 /yr Commercial Building S-1% N-7% W-13% E-13% S-1% N-7% W-13% E-13% S-20% N-22% W-7% E-7% S-20% N-15% W-7% E-7% 47 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

48. Result and Discussion Window Shades 218.63 kWh/m 2 /yr 217.95 kWh/m 2 /yr Residential Building 275.41 kWh/m 2 /yr 273.45 kWh/m 2 /yr Commercial Building Before Applying After Applying Before Applying After Applying 48 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

49. Result and Discussion Window Glass Glazing 217.95 kWh/m 2 /yr 217.03 kWh/m 2 /yr Residential Building 273.45 kWh/m 2 /yr 268.69 kWh/m 2 /yr Commercial Building Single Glazing Triple Glazing Low E Single Glazing Triple Glazing Low E 49 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

50. Result and Discussion Wall Construction 217.03 kWh/m 2 /yr 208.31 kWh/m 2 /yr Residential Building Brick Wall 12.25-inch SIP R38 Wood 14-inch ICF 262.58 kWh/m 2 /yr Commercial Building 12.25-inch SIP R38 Wood 14-inch ICF 268.89 kWh/m 2 /yr Brick Wall 50 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

51. Result and Discussion Roof Construction 208.31 kWh/m 2 /yr 197.81 kWh/m 2 /yr Residential Building Concrete Roof 10.25-inch SIP R38 R60 254.8 kWh/m 2 /yr Commercial Building 10.25-inch SIP R38 R60 262.58 kWh/m 2 /yr Concrete Roof 51 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

52. Result and Discussion Residential and Commercial Building after Optimization Residential Building Commercial Building 52 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

53. Various passive cooling techniques for estimating energy analysis and to assess the effect on annual operational energy use of the structure are considered for residential and commercial building, located in New Delhi , India. With the help of BIM tools, i.e., Autodesk Revit and Autodesk Insight, 3D modeling and energy analysis of residential and commercial building is performed. It is noticed that performing a few changes in the design strategies, the building becomes energy-efficient. It is evident from the results that reduction of operational energy consumption of the building using passive cooling techniques as follows: Building orientation: Reduction of operational energy consumption in residential and commercial building is 1.4% and 1% respectively. Window wall ratio: Major reduction gained from WWR as operational energy reduced to 6.3% and 7.5% in residential and commercial building respectively. Window Shades and Glass Glazing: It has a minimal impact in residential building with total reduction of 0.7% but in commercial building, due to window shade, reduction is 0.7 and due to glass glazing, reduction is 1.7% having total reduction of 2.4%. Wall and roof construction: selection of suitable wall construction type provided reduction of 4% and 2.2% respectively. While selection of suitable roof construction type provided reduction of 5% and 2.9% respectively for residential and commercial building. A overall effect in reduction of energy consumption of residential building is 17.4% and of commercial building is 16%. Thus, with the use of passive cooling techniques reduction in operational energy consumption of building can be achieved. Conclusion 53 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

54. PM addresses webinar on 'Energy for Sustainable Growth' (narendramodi.in) Sustainable Development Goals | United Nations in India 430 Commercial Buildings are ECBC Compliant - IndiGlobal Media Network M. W. Anwar et al., Building Simulation (2021), Analysis of the effect of passive measures on the energy consumption and zero-energy prospects of residential buildings in Pakistan M. Bughio et al., MDPI Sustainability (2021), Impact of Passive Energy Efficiency Measures on Cooling Energy Demand in an Architectural Campus Building in Karachi, Pakistan Deepali Sahu et al., Innovations in Energy Engineering & Cleaner Production IEECP (2021), Impact of window wall ratio in office building envelopes on operational energy consumption in the temperate climatic zone of India Sharda G. Mahiwal et al., Asian Journal of Civil Engineering (2021), Evaluation of energy use intensity (EUI) and energy cost of commercial building in India using BIM technology Ahmad Alothman et al., International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (2021), Energy Performance Analysis of Building for Sustainable Design Using BIM: A Case Study on Institute Building Chuan-Rui Yu et al., MDPI Applied Sciences (2020), Revealing the Impacts of Passive Cooling Techniques on Building Energy Performance: A Residential Case in Hong Kong Zixuan Chen et al., MDPI Buildings (2020), Optimising Embodied Energy and Thermal Performance of Thermal Insulation in Building Envelopes via an Automated Building Information Modelling (BIM) Tool Nawal O. Ali et al., ERJ Engineering Research Journal (2020), Evaluating the Effect of Different Passive Cooling Techniques of Roofs on Energy Consumption in Buildings in Upper Egypt Using BIM Bibliography 54 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

55. M. M. Ahsan et al., International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (2019), Reducing the Operational Energy Consumption in Buildings by Passive Cooling Techniques Using Building Information Modelling Tools Premjeet Singh et al., Sustainable Cities and Society (2019), Multicomponent energy assessment of buildings using building information modeling Mohammad Najjar et al., Applied Energy (2019), Integrated optimization with building information modeling and life cycle assessment for generating energy efficient buildings K. Deepa et al., International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (2019), Energy Analysis of Buildings Abhinaya K.S. et al., International Journal of Renewable Energy Research (2017), Assessment and Remodelling of a Conventional Building Into a Green Building Using BIM M. V. Shoubi et al., Ain Shams Engineering Journal (2015), Reducing the operational energy demand in buildings using building information modeling tools and sustainability approaches Farzad Jalaei et al., ITcon Journal of Information Technology in Construction (2014), Integrating Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Energy Analysis Tools with Green Building Certification System to Conceptually Design Sustainable Buildings Bibliography 55 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project

56. Thank You! 56 Dr. Akhilesh Das Gupta Institute of Technology & Management Minor Project