Referencing at uws-2020-09-17

Referencing guidance

1. Referencing at
UWS
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2. Learning outcome
üTo explore referencing and the reasons for using
referencing systems in academic writing, e.g. to
demonstrate knowledge gained from reading as well as
avoiding plagiarism
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3. What is Referencing?
A way of acknowledging and giving credit to the thoughts, ideas and work of others.
Why do we use it?
We reference to show that a claim, fact or idea is not ours, instead we show where that
claim, fact or idea originated from so as not to incorrectly claim credit for the work of
others.
•Similar to the use of credits at the end of films or trademark and copyright symbols
on brand names and slogans
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4. How does it work in the text?
•When someone quotes or paraphrases another source in their work, they
add a notification at that point. This is known as an in-text citation
•The citations are formed from the author's name and the year the item
was published, e.g. Making the most of opportunities (Shaw and Fulton,
2012)
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5. The citation in the text links to additional information about the
item -this is known as the reference.
Donaldson, G. (2010) Teaching Scotland’s future: report of a review of teacher
education in Scotland. Scottish Government paper. Available at:
http://scotland.gov.uk/Publications/2011/01/13092132/15(Accessed:10 March
2014).
The reference for an item is added at the end of the work in a list of
references.
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6. The Reference
Each reference should give an indication of:
•Author (or equivalent)
•Date of publication (or creation)
•Title of the work
•Publication or availability details
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7. The Reference List
•When several items are cited in the same work, the references are
arranged into a reference list at the end of the assessment/assignment
•In Harvard Referencing this list is arranged in alphabetical order by the
author’s surname
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8. Understanding why we reference and how to reference is key in
university study and within academic writing
References are usually used as a form of evidence to support an argument or claim
that we make, for example:
Going to university definitely improves peoples chances of getting a well paid job.
OR
Research suggests that university graduates are more likely to gain high income employment
than those who do not attend university (Smith, 2014).
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9. Additional reasons to reference
Finding sources:Including references in your work demonstrates your
ability to assess a question, select appropriate search terms and use these
to find relevant sources.
Subject knowledge:you can show your awareness of the material which
has been published on a subject.
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10. Additional reasons to reference
Evaluation skills:prove you know how to assess the validity of
sources and can make selections which are appropriate to the topic,
your level of study and the purpose of the assignment.
Presentation skills:show your abilities in applying what you have
learned by supporting your ideas with relevant sources and
presenting information in a consistent manner.
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11. When do I need to reference?
You should add citations to your text, and provide related references:
üWhenever you quote directly from another source
üWhenever you paraphrase someone else’s ideas into your own words
üWhen you use someone else’s work to support your ideas
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12. Which Referencing style do we use at UWS?
•At UWS we use the ‘Cite Them Right Harvard’ style of referencing, follow our guidance
or use the book below for more detailed information
•Extensive examples are in the book listed below, copies of which are held in UWS
Libraries. eBook versions are also available in One Search and it is comparatively cheap
to buy from Amazon.
•Pears, R. and Shields, G. (2019) Cite them right: the essential referencing guide. 11th
edn. London: Red Globe Press / Macmillan International Higher Education.
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13. Quotations
If quoting, citing figures, percentages or using an image in your
work, your in text citation must contain:
Author, Year and Page Number
→ (Smith, 2012, p.51)
For example:
‘Liberation is a praxis: the action and reflection of men and women upon their world in
order to transform it’ (Freire, 1972, p.60).
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14. Quotations –often asked…
üSingle quotation marks preferred
üLonger quotations (more than 3 lines), should be entered
as a separate indented paragraph. Quotations marks not
required
üIf no pagination is available (common for websites), use paragraph
number, URL or phrase non-paginated
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15. Paraphrasing
When paraphrasing you have to show from where you have borrowed an
idea, finding, or claim made by another author. The in-text citation can be
displayed either:
•incorporated into the sentence or at the end of the sentence
•should also include a page number if you are paraphrasing ideas from a
specific page
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16. Style examples -books
No distinction between print and ebooks: if the online source includes all the elements seen in
print versions (publication details, edition and page numbers) reference in the same way as print.
Book
Speight, J.G. (2019) Global climate change demystified. Chichester: Wiley.
Chapter in a book
Venn, A. (2019) ‘Social justice and climate change’, in Letcher, T.M. (ed.) Managing
global warming: an interface of technology and human issues. London: Academic
Press, pp. 711-728.
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17. Style examples –journal articles
Online journal article
Culloty, E., Murphy, P., Brereton, P., Suiter, J., Smeaton, A. and Zhang, D. (2019) ‘Researching
visual representations of climate change’, Environmental Communication,13(2), pp. 179-191. doi:
10.1080/17524032.2018.1533877
Online magazine article
Nunez, C. (2019) ‘What is global warming, explained’, National Geographic, (January).
Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/global-
warming-overview/ (Accessed: 21 April 2020).
Note: For online journal articles either a doinumber or available at:URLcan be used.
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18. Style examples –films and images
Online film/video
CBS This Morning (2019) Climate change in the 2020s: what impacts to expect. 23
December. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2CQvBGSiDvw(Accessed:
15 April 2020).
Painting/Photograph/Graphic or Image (Online)
Eardley J. (1963) Catterlinein winter. [Oil on canvas]. Available at:
https://www.nationalgalleries.org/art-and-artists/488/catterline-
winter?artists%5B14992%5D=14992&search_set_offset=11(Accessed: 15 April 2020).
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19. Style examples –more films and images
Painting/Photograph/Graphic or Image (in a book/article)
Reference the article or book that the illustration appears in. Include a page number
and/or figure number in the in-text citation to identify the illustration. For example:
In-Text Citation
This painting by Eardley (Oliver, 1992, p.63) illustrates…
Reference List
Oliver, C. (1992) Joan Eardley, RSA.Edinburgh: Mainstream Publishing.
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20. Style examples -websites
Web page with an individual author
Sneed, A. (2019) The reason Antarctica is melting: shifting winds, driven by global
warming.Available at: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-reason-
antarctica-is-melting-shifting-winds-driven-by-global-warming/(Accessed: 23 July 2020).
Web page with no author
Global warming and melting glaciers. (no date) Available at:
https://helpsavenature.com/global-warming-melting-glaciers(Accessed: 23 July 2020).
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21. Style examples –more websites
Web page with no date
Cool Antarctica (no date) Antarctica and global warming: the effects of global warming
on Antarctica.Available at:
https://coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/science/global_warming.php
(Accessed: 23 July 2020).
Web page with an organization as author
United Nations Development Programme (2020) Sustainable development goals.(2020)
Available at: https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-
goals.html (Accessed: 29 April 2020).www.uws.ac.uk/library

22. If you need help, please just ask J
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bit of help.Request an appointment at [email protected]
üLibrary website: www.uws.ac.uk/library
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üContact us with any Library related questions at [email protected]
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